Table 1 Bivariate analysis of factors associated with HIV seropositivity among injection drug users at the methadone clinics in Taipei, Taiwan
Factors | HIV (-) (n = 681) | HIV (+) (n = 146) | p value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
Age (years) | ||||
18-45 | 349 (79.9) | 88 (20.1) | 0.047 | 1 |
>45 | 332 (85.1) | 58 (14.9) | 0.69 (0.48-0.99) | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 94 (80.3) | 23 (19.7) | 0.54 | 1 |
Male | 587 (82.7) | 123 (17.3) | 0.86 (0.52-1.41) | |
Marital status | ||||
Unmarried | 333 (83.5) | 66 (16.5) | 0.024 | 1 |
Married | 180 (87.0) | 27 (13.0) | 0.76 (0.47-1.23) | |
Divorce | 159 (76.1) | 50 (23.9) | 1.59 (1.05-2.40) | |
Widowed | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | 1.69 (0.44-6.38) | |
Education level completed | ||||
≤Elementary school | 110 (85.9) | 18 (14.1) | 0.246 | 1 |
High school and above | 571 (81.7) | 128 (18.3) | 1.37 (0.80-2.34) | |
Source of most income during last 6 months | ||||
Regular job | 384 (85.3) | 66 (14.7) | 0.108 | 1 |
Temporal jobs or other legal source | 270 (79.2) | 71 (20.8) | 1.53 (1.06-2.21) | |
Illegal source | 27 (75.0) | 9 (25.0) | 1.94 (0.87-4.31) | |
Housing status during last 6 months | ||||
Stable housing | 434 (84.1) | 82 (15.9) | 0.087 | 1 |
Unstable housing | 247 (79.4) | 64 (20.6) | 1.37 (0.96-1.97) | |
History of methadone treatment | ||||
Never | 49 (87.5) | 7 (12.5) | 0.143 | 1 |
Once | 219 (85.2) | 38 (14.8) | 1.22 (0.51-2.88) | |
Twice or more | 413 (80.4) | 101 (19.6) | 1.71 (0.75-3.89) | |
Number of incarceration | ||||
Mean (range) | 2.6 (0,10) | 3.0 (0, 12) | 0.043 | 1.09 (1.003-1.19) |
Substance use and injection practices | ||||
Age at first injection drug use (years) | ||||
<20 | 93 (83.0) | 19 (17.0) | 0.837 | 1 |
≥20 | 588 (82.2) | 127 (17.8) | 1.06 (0.62-1.80) | |
Duration of drug use (years), mean (sd) | 18.2 (10.4) | 16.9 (8.0) | 0.148 | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
Shared syringes during last 3 months | ||||
No | 649 (82.2) | 141 (17.8) | 0.499 | 1 |
Yes | 32 (86.5) | 5 (13.5) | 0.72 (0.28-1.88) | |
Shared diluted water during last 3 months | ||||
No | 633 (82.4) | 135 (17.6) | 0.836 | 1 |
Yes | 48 (81.4) | 11 (18.6) | 1.08 (0.54-2.12) | |
History of drug overdose | ||||
No | 498 (84.7) | 90 (15.3) | 0.005 | 1 |
Yes | 183 (76.6) | 56 (23.4) | 1.69 (1.17-2.46) | |
History of cutaneous abscess | ||||
No | 591 (83.0) | 121 (17.0) | 0.216 | 1 |
Yes | 90 (78.3) | 25 (21.7) | 1.36 (0.84-2.20) | |
Any alcohol during last 3 months | ||||
No | 532 (83.0) | 109 (17.0) | 0.363 | 1 |
Yes | 149 (80.1) | 37 (19.9) | 1.21 (0.80-1.84) | |
Very fearful of police interference during drug use | ||||
No | 288 (85.0) | 51 (15.0) | 0.101 | 1 |
Yes | 393 (80.5) | 95 (19.5) | 1.37 (0.94-1.98) | |
Sexual behaviors | ||||
Age at sexual debut (years) | ||||
<16 | 122 (83.0) | 25 (17.0) | 0.820 | 1 |
≥16 | 559 (82.2) | 121 (17.8) | 1.06 (0.66-1.70) | |
Ever giving someone money in exchange for sex | ||||
No | 575 (81.8) | 128 (18.2) | 0.567 | 1 |
Yes | 105 (85.4) | 18 (14.6) | 0.77 (0.45-1.32) | |
Unknown | 1 (100.0) | 0 | (-) | |
History of sexually-transmitted infections | ||||
No | 574 (83.6) | 113 (16.4) | 0.044 | 1 |
Yes | 107 (76.4) | 33 (23.6) | 1.57 (1.01-2.43) |