Table 3 Prevalence and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the metabolic syndrome according to sedentary time and sleep duration
From: Interrelationships among sedentary time, sleep duration, and the metabolic syndrome in adults
Exposure or confounder | Prevalence, % | Univariate models | Multivariate model 1* | Multivariate model 2** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposures | ||||
Screen time | ||||
T1 (least screen time) | 29.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
T2 | 35.3 | 1.32 (0.96-1.81) | 1.18 (0.81-1.72) | |
T3 (most screen time) | 44.1 | 1.91 (1.38-2.64) | 1.67 (1.13-2.48) | |
Sedentary time | ||||
Q1 (least sedentary) | 32.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
Q2 | 34.1 | 1.18 (0.80-1.76) | 1.00 (0.66-1.51) | |
Q3 | 37.0 | 1.44 (0.98-2.1) | 1.25 (0.83-1.89) | |
Q4 (most sedentary) | 45.9 | 2.10 (1.44-3.06) | 1.60 (1.05-2.45) | |
Sleep duration | ||||
Q1 (shortest sleep) | 34.1 | 0.86 (0.60-1.23) | 0.90 (0.62-1.32) | 0.91 (0.62-1.33) |
Q2 | 37.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
Q3 | 35.6 | 0.93 (0.65-1.33) | 0.89 (0.61-1.30) | 0.89 (0.61-1.29) |
Q4 (longest sleep) | 39.8 | 1.12 (0.78-1.60) | 0.97 (0.67-1.41) | 0.95 (0.66-1.39) |
Relevant Confounders † | ||||
Age | ||||
20-39 y | 23.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
40-59 y | 37.1 | 2.24 (1.60-3.13) | 2.29 (1.63-3.22) | 2.23 (1.58-3.13) |
60+ y | 53.7 | 4.00 (2.82-5.67) | 4.00 (2.81-5.71) | 3.13 (2.16-4.54) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 39.2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
Non-Hispanic black | 29.8 | 0.60 (0.42-0.87) | 0.60 (0.41-0.88) | |
Hispanic | 38.0 | 0.96 (0.70-1.31) | 1.10 (0.79-1.54) | |
Other | 42.6 | 1.45 (0.77-2.71) | 1.55 (0.80-3.00) | |
Education | ||||
Less than high school | 44.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
High school graduate | 37.3 | 0.78 (0.56-1.07) | 0.86 (0.61-1.21) | |
College graduate | 30.4 | 0.61 (0.42-0.89) | 0.69 (0.45-1.03) | |
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity | ||||
None | 44.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
Some | 34.7 | 0.54 (0.39-0.74) | 0.70 (0.49-0.98) | |
Moderate | 25.8 | 0.46 (0.33-0.64) | 0.58 (0.41-0.81) | |
Remaining Confounders | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 40.5 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Female | 33.3 | 0.75 (0.58-0.97) | ||
Poverty level | ||||
Below | 43.8 | 1.36 (0.91-2.03) | ||
Above | 36.5 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Caffeine | ||||
<250 mg/day | 36.7 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
> = 250 mg/day | 39.8 | 1.18 (0.87-1.61) | ||
Smoking Status | ||||
Never | 35.1 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Former | 42.8 | 1.45 (1.08-1.95) | ||
Current | 34.9 | 0.93 (0.67-1.30) | ||
Alcohol consumption | ||||
None | 45.2 | 1.52 (1.13-2.05) | ||
Some | 35.1 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
Excessive | 31.6 | 0.57 (0.16-2.08) |