From: Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Author, year of publication | Country/setting | Design/year | Population characteristics | Diagnostic criteria/tools | Prevalence | Risk factors | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wall [130],1972 | Zimbabwe | Retrospective | 13 (men 10) consecutive patients; age 24–55 y. | Clinical (no ENMG) | NA | NA | 6 participants had sensory changes |
Hospital-based | 1967-1971 | ||||||
Osuntokun [126], 1974 | Nigeria | Retrospective | 92 patients with MND ALS 73; PMA 10, SMA 9 | ENMG/Muscle biopsy/ | 21/100,000 | NA | Mean age at onset: 39 y |
Mean duration of disease exceeded 15 y in 8% of participants | |||||||
Hospital-based | 1958 -1973 | ||||||
4 patients with ALS had poliomyelitis in childhood. | |||||||
Osuntokun [19], 1987 | Nigeria | Cross-sectional | 18954 participants (men 9282); 58% <20 y and 11% > 50 y | Screening questionnaire developed by the authors | MND: 15/100,000 | NA | Â |
Community-based | 1985 | ||||||
Cosnett [125], 1989 | South Africa Hospital-based | Retrospective Cases collected during 9.5 y. | 59 blacks (mean age 47.4 y.); 16 whites and 2 coloured (mean age 54 y.) 9 Indians (mean age 54 y) | Clinical and ENMG in 45% | Blacks/white & coloured/Indians (per 100,000) 0.88/2 · 7/1.4 | NA | Mean age of onset: 47 y (blacks) and 54 y (in whites and Indians) |
29% of participants not followed up. | |||||||
Ekenze [21], 2010 | Nigeria | Retrospective | 8440 admissions; 1249 (men 640) with neurological diseases, mean age 45 y.; 10 (men 4) with ALS | Not specified | 800/100,000 | NA | Â |
Hospital-based | 2003-2007 | ||||||
Abdulla [127], 1997 | Sudan | Retrospective: | 28 (men 17) patients with MND; 19 (men 14) with ALS | Clinical and ENMG | NA | Family history of MND in 14% | Mean age of onset: 40 y |
Hospital-based | 1993-1995 | ||||||
Kengne [16], 2006 | Cameroon | Retrospective | 4041 neurologic consultations; 145 with neurodegenerative diseases 10 (men 8) with ALS; mean age 50.9 y. | Not provided | 12% of all neurodegeneration 250/100,000 of all neurologic consultation | Â | 4 selected degenerative brain diseases: Dementia, PD, ALS and chorea |
Hospital-based | 1993-2001 | ||||||
Imam [131], 2004 | Nigeria | Retrospective | 16 (men 15) participants; age 16-60 y. | El Escorial diagnostic criteria for ALS, no ENMG | NA | NA | Â |
Hospital-based | 1980-99 | ||||||
Adam [129], 1992 | Kenya | Retrospective | 47(men 35) participants with MND; | Clinical (ENMG in 1/3 of participants) | NA | NA | Duration of disease: 5 m to 4 y. |
Hospital-based | 1978-88 | Age 13-80 y | |||||
18 had ALS | |||||||
Tekle-Haimanot [122], 1990 | Ethiopia | Cross-sectional | 60820 participants (men 29412), 59% aged < 20 y | Screening questionnaire and neurological exam | 5/100,000 | NA | A population survey of neurological diseases |
Community-based | 1986-88 | 3 (2 men) had MND | |||||
Harries [132], 1955 | Ethiopia | Case series | 2(all males) participants | Clinical (no ENMG) | NA | NA | Â |
Age 26 and 30 y | |||||||
Hospital-based | 1954 | ||||||
Jacquin-cotton [123], 1970 | Senegal | Retrospective | 6100 participants with neurological disorders | Clinical (No ENMG) | 290/100,000 | Â | A study of patients with paraplegia in a neurological unit |
Hospital-based | 1960-1969 | 18 (16 men) participants with ALS, age 25-70 y | |||||
Piquemal [124], 1982 | Ivory coast | Retrospective | 4000 participants with neurological disorders | Clinical (no ENMG) | 750/100,000 | NA | Duration of disease: 3 m to 5 y. |
Hospital-based | 1971-80 | 30 (men 22) participants had ALS, 50% aged <40 y | |||||
Collomb [133], 1968 | Senegal | Retrospective | 18 (17 men) participants with ALS, age 25-70 y | Clinical (no ENMG) | NA | NA | Duration of disease: 4 m to 13 y |
Hospital-based | 1960-68 | ||||||
Sene [128], 2004 | Senegal Hospital- | Retrospective | 33 (19 men) participants with ALS; | El Escorial | Â | Â | Definite ALS: 57%, |
Probable: 30%, Possible ALS: 9% | |||||||
Suspect ALS: 3% age at onset 14–67 y. | |||||||
(ENMG in half of the patients) | |||||||
 | based | 1999-2000 |  |  |  |  | Duration of disease: 6 m to 5 y. |