Overall | EDU | SMOK | ALCO | PA | CAFF | ANTIOX | HCY | N-FA | P* | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 247 | N = 52 | N = 36 | N = 30 | N = 28 | N = 18 | N = 27 | N = 33 | N = 23 | |||||||||||
Year, Mean (SD) | 2004.5 | (5.1) | 2001.3 | (6.3) | 2003.6 | (5.2) | 2004.5 | (4.5) | 2006.7 | (3.6) | 2007.7 | (4.5) | 2003.8 | (3.8) | 2006.2 | (3.1) | 2006.9 | (4.0) | <0.001 |
Country, N (%) | |||||||||||||||||||
US | 98 | (39.7) | 16 | (30.8) | 12 | (33.3) | 15 | (50.0) | 17 | (63.0) | 3 | (16.7) | 17 | (63.0) | 13 | (39.4) | 5 | (21.7) | 0.020 |
Europe | 104 | (42.1) | 22 | (42.3) | 18 | (50.0) | 9 | (30.0) | 8 | (28.6) | 10 | (55.6) | 8 | (29.6) | 14 | (42.4) | 15 | (65.2) | |
Other | 45 | (18.2) | 14 | (26.9) | 6 | (16.7) | 6 | (20.0) | 3 | (10.7) | 5 | (27.8) | 2 | (7.4) | 6 | (18.2) | 3 | (13.00 | |
Age group, N (%) | |||||||||||||||||||
Excludes < 65y | 147 | (59.5) | 31 | (59.6) | 17 | (47.2) | 13 | (43.3) | 24 | (85.7) | 12 | (66.7) | 20 | (74.1) | 16 | (48.5) | 14 | (60.9) | 0.012 |
Includes < 65y | 100 | (40.5) | 21 | (40.4) | 19 | (52.8) | 17 | (56.7) | 4 | (14.3) | 6 | (33.3) | 7 | (25.9) | 17 | (51.5) | 9 | (39.1) | |
Sex, N (%) | |||||||||||||||||||
Both | 208 | (84.2) | 47 | (90.4) | 28 | (77.8) | 28 | (93.4) | 19 | (67.9) | 16 | (88.9) | 22 | (81.5) | 28 | (84.8) | 20 | (87.0) | 0.12 |
Men only | 26 | (10.5) | 3 | (5.8) | 8 | (22.2) | 1 | (3.3) | 5 | (17.9) | 2 | (11.1) | 2 | (7.4) | 3 | (9.1) | 2 | (8.7) | |
Women only | 13 | (5.3) | 2 | (3.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.3) | 4 | (14.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (11.1) | 2 | (6.1) | 1 | (4.3) | |
Study design, N (%) | |||||||||||||||||||
Cross-sectional | 80 | (32.4) | 25 | (48.1) | 7 | (19.4) | 12 | (40.0) | 4 | (14.3) | 7 | (38.9) | 6 | (22.2) | 14 | (42.4) | 5 | (21.7) | 0.012 |
Cohort | 167 | (67.6) | 27 | (51.9) | 29 | (80.6) | 18 | (60.0) | 24 | (85.7) | 11 | (61.1) | 21 | (77.8) | 19 | (57.6) | 18 | (78.3) | |
Sample size, Mean (SD) | 3,561 | (5,128) | 4,345 | (6,066) | 4,745 | (6,859) | 4,745 | (6,808) | 3,322 | (3,927) | 2,408 | (2,385) | 3,643 | (4,191) | 1,074 | (769) | 3,061 | (3,389) | 0.05 |
Cognitive outcome count, N (%) | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 179 | (72.5) | 34 | (65.4) | 26 | (86.7) | 26 | (86.7) | 20 | (71.4) | 14 | (77.8) | 22 | (81.5) | 21 | (63.6) | 15 | (65.2) | 0.77 |
2 | 60 | (24.3) | 15 | (28.8) | 4 | (13.3) | 4 | (13.3) | 7 | (25.0) | 3 | (16.7) | 4 | (14.8) | 10 | (30.3) | 8 | (34.8) | |
3 | 5 | (2.0) | 2 | (3.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.6) | 1 | (5.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
4 | 2 | (1.2) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.7) | 1 | (3.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
Cognitive outcome type, N (%) | 0.042 | ||||||||||||||||||
AD/dementia/impairment | 114 | (46.2) | 26 | (50.0) | 20 | (55.6) | 6 | (20.0) | 16 | (57.1) | 5 | (27.8) | 15 | (55.6) | 15 | (45.5) | 11 | (47.8) | |
Cognitive function/decline | 126 | (51.0) | 25 | (48.1) | 16 | (44.4) | 24 | (80.0) | 10 | (35.7) | 11 | (61.1) | 12 | (44.4) | 17 | (51.5) | 11 | (47.8) | |
Both | 7 | (2.8) | 1 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (7.1) | 2 | (11.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (3.0) | 1 | (4.4) | |
Study finding, N(%) | 0.004 | ||||||||||||||||||
Against hypothesis | 5 | (2.0) | 1 | (1.9) | 1 | (2.8) | 2 | (6.7) | 1 | (3.6) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | |
Null | 45 | (18.2) | 4 | (7.7) | 11 | (30.6) | 4 | (13.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 5 | (27.8) | 9 | (33.3) | 6 | (18.2) | 6 | (26.1) | |
Positive | 152 | (61.5) | 39 | (75.0) | 18 | (50.0) | 17 | (56.7) | 25 | (89.3) | 7 | (38.9) | 11 | (40.7) | 23 | (69.7) | 12 | (52.2) | |
Partially positive (outcomes/exposures) | 21 | (8.5) | 6 | (11.5) | 2 | (5.6) | 2 | (6.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (16.7) | 2 | (7.4) | 1 | (3.0) | 1 | (4.3) | |
Partially positive (sub-groups) | 24 | (9.7) | 2 | (7.7) | 4 | (11.1) | 5 | (16.7) | 2 | (7.1) | 3 | (16.7) | 5 | (27.8) | 3 | (9.1) | 4 | (17.4) |