The economic burden of pediatric gastroenteritis to Bolivian families: a cross-sectional study of correlates of catastrophic cost and overall cost burden

Table 5 Linear regression model of the relationship between risk factors and the Log ₁₀ cost burden for one pediatric diarrheal episode, in a sample of 551 Bolivian children seeking care for acute diarrhea, 2007 - 2009

Variable		Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted model 1 (n = 291)			Adjusted model 2 (n = 291)^*
	N	β	Standard error	P	β	Standard error	P	β	Standard error	P
Demographics
Male child	544	0.136^†	0.060	0.02	0.019	0.074	0.80	0.019	0.074	0.80
Age of child (months)	518	−0.006	0.003	0.08	−0.000^‡	0.004	0.97	−0.000^‡	0.004	0.97
Number of people in household	518	−0.000^§	0.013	1.00	−0.010	0.016	0.53	−0.010	0.016	0.53
Rural residence	452	0.258^†	0.088	<0.01	0.145	0.097	0.14	0.145	0.097	0.14
Hospital	530
Albina Patiño (Private)		0.471^†	0.058	<0.01	0.493^†	0.073	<0.01	0.494^†	0.073	<0.01
All Others (Public, Reference)		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Treatment-Seeking Behavior
Sought treatment at least once previously to current visit	462	0.764^†	0.080	<0.01	0.438^†	0.093	<0.01	0.438^†	0.093	<0.01
Number of modes of transportation taken to current visit	424	0.113	0.072	0.12	0.128	0.076	0.09	0.128	0.076	0.09
Number of days child had diarrhea prior to current visit	507	0.012^†	0.004	<0.01	0.024^†	0.007	<0.01	0.024^†	0.007	<0.01
Severity of illness
Child was an outpatient	545	−0.424^†	0.057	<0.01	−0.402^†	0.109	<0.01	−0.402^†	0.109	<0.01
Child presented with at least one complication^δ	542	0.346^†	0.058	<0.01	0.121	0.114	0.29	0.121	0.114	0.29
Child’s first episode of diarrhea	460	−0.043	0.070	0.54	0.085	0.080	0.29	0.085	0.080	0.29
Interaction term
Number of days with diarrhea (1-unit change) x at least one complication		-	-	-	−0.033^†	0.015	0.03 ^£	−0.034^†	0.015	0.03 ^£

^*Second adjusted model excludes direct non-medical costs of diapers and extra food. ^†P < 0.05. ^‡β = −0.0002. ^§β = −0.00003. ^δComplications defined as at least one of the following, as diagnosed by the attending physician: electrolyte disorder, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, anemia, malnutrition, acute respiratory infection, bronchopneumonia, intussusception, dehydration, or any other unnamed complication. ^£P-value associated with the overall interaction coefficient. Italicized text indicates p < 0.05.

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