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Table 2 Risk Factors for depression after natural disasters in adults

From: A meta-analysis of risk factors for depression in adults and children after natural disasters

 

All studies

High quality

Adjustment

Exclude wenchuan

Within 6 months

 

N

OR (95% Cl)

I2

(P value)

Egger test

Trim and fill

N

OR (95% Cl)

N

OR (95% Cl)

N

OR (95% Cl)

N

OR (95% Cl)

Basic characteristics

             

Age (older)

13

1.03 (0.70-1.51)

80.8%

P = 0.839

-

5

1.37 (0.86-2.17)

8

0.98 (0.56-1.70)

8

0.93 (0.61-1.44)

6

0.81 (0.37-1.78)

(p < 0.001)

Gender (female)

18

1.57 (1.39-1.79)

18.5%

p = 0.282

-

8

1.60 (1.35-1.90)

13

1.65 (1.43-1.89)

13

1.61 (1.41-1.84)

10

1.74 (1.50-2.02)

(p = 0.233)

Education (lower)

14

1.70 (1.29-2.23)

72.7%

P = 0.008

1.31 (0.98-1.76)

7

1.44 (1.04-1.99)

7

1.93 (1.20-3.10)

9

1.48 (1.13-1.93)

9

2.18 (1.41-3.37)

(p < 0.001)

Marry (not)

12

1.43 (1.03-1.98)

73.7%

P = 0.030

1.43 (1.03-1.98)

5

1.15 (0.95-1.40)

6

2.47 (0.90-6.78)

7

1.02 (0.80-1.30)

7

1.47 (0.88-2.47)

(p < 0.001)

Religion (yes)

4

1.37 (1.02-1.86)

0%

P = 0.469

-

2

1.51 (1.07-2.13)

-

-

2

1.25 (0.74-2.11)

2

1.25 (0.74-2.11)

(p = 0.635)

Prior trauma (yes)

4

2.26 (1.34-3.81)

67.9%

P = 0.352

-

1

1.50 (0.80-2.60)

2

1.73 (1.33-2.25)

4

1.73 (1.33-2.25)

2

2.85 (0.90-8.96)

(p = 0.025)

Prior physical illness (yes)

5

1.71 (0.91-3.20)

81.3%

P = 0.175

-

2

1.34 (0.99-1.83)

2

2.42 (0.58-10.08)

1

4.28 (1.78-10.30)

2

1.59 (0.24-10.35)

(p < 0.001)

Trauma characteristics

             

Being trapped (yes)

2

1.01 (0.60-1.69)

0%

-

-

-

-

1

0.94 (0.54-1.62)

1

0.94 (0.54-1.62)

2

1.01 (0.60-1.69)

(p = 0.465)

Scare (yes)

2

1.58 (1.37-1.83)

0%

-

-

2

1.58 (1.37-1.83)

2

1.58 (1.37-1.83)

-

-

-

-

(p = 0.535)

Injure (yes)

5

1.69 (1.39-2.06)

0%

P = 0.559

-

3

1.83 (1.43-2.35)

4

1.66 (1.36-2.04)

2

1.49 (1.12-1.97)

3

1.55 (1.19-2.02)

(p = 0.655)

Witness injury/death (yes)

3

1.25 (0.98-1.60)

0%

P = 0.120

-

2

1.32 (0.92-1.88)

-

-

2

1.32 (0.92-1.88)

2

1.23 (0.93-1.64)

( p = 0.931)

Bereavement (yes)

6

1.51 (1.22-1.86)

0%

P = 0.454

-

4

1.43 (1.11-1.83)

4

1.54 (1.21-1.97)

3

1.49 (1.12-1.99)

2

1.52 (1.12-2.05)

(p = 0.906)

Post-trauma characteristics

             

Social support (yes)

8

0.95 (0.90-1.01)

90.1%

P = 0.014

0.95 (0.90-1.01)

4

0.99 (0.95-1.03)

6

0.95 (0.89-1.01)

5

0.5 (0.31-0.80)

2

0.92 (0.77-1.10)

(p < 0.001)

Employment (no)

9

1.55 (1.02-2.37)

89.4%

P = 0.703

-

5

1.57 (1.30-1.91)

9

1.55 (1.02-2.37)

6

1.80 (1.04-3.12)

4

1.85 (0.85-4.01)

(p < 0.001)

Loss of property (yes)

7

1.66 (1.11-2.47)

74.7%

P = 0.512

-

5

1.32 (0.92-1.91)

3

2.02 (0.92-4.43)

5

1.91 (1.15-3.20)

3

2.14 (1.01-4.54)

(p = 0.001)

House damage (yes)

8

1.40 (1.00-1.88)

51.3%

P = 0.308

-

5

1.65 (1.04-2.63)

3

1.66 (0.89-3.10)

4

1.38 (1.01-1.89)

6

1.37 (0.94-2.01)

(p = 0.045)

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