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Table 5 Final model of linear multiple regression analysis b between musculoskeletal pain, socio-demographic-, physical-, psychosocial factors, and mental health by pain related functional impairment (N Functional inpairment  = 1230, N No functional impairment  = 1984)

From: Musculoskeletal pain in Arctic indigenous and non-indigenous adolescents, prevalence and associations with psychosocial factors: a population-based study

 

Musculoskeletal pain

 

Functional impairment

No functional impairment

Variables

β

Step 4 (Final model):

  

Gender

-.09*

-

Sedentary activity

.07*

-

Self-rated health

-.07*

-

School-related stress

.09*

.10**

Negative life events

.08*

.14**

Conduct problems

.08*

-

Anxiety/depressiona

.23**

.16**

Help seeking behavior

.08*

-

R2

.212**

.094**

  1. Note: *p ≤ .01, **p ≤ .001.
  2. aHopkins Symptom Checklist-10.
  3. bHierarchical, backward, linear multiple regression analysis following the same steps as the analyses in Table 3.