Table 2 F tests of poverty, household, caregiver and child characteristics by orphans status on psychosocial outcomes
Anxiety/depression | Affability | Resilience | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Orphans | Non orphans | Orphans | Non orphans | Orphans | Non orphans | |
Poverty related indicators: | ||||||
Poverty threshold (threshold = 37.5USD per capita per month)1 | ||||||
Households below poverty threshold | 37.04 (9.79) | 36.66 (10.36) | 35.53 (5.46) | 36.31 (5.80) | 23.38 (3.73) | 23.64 (4.08) |
Households above poverty threshold | 35.25 (9.67) | 33.18 (8.91) | 36.45 (4.86) | 36.83 (5.81) | 23.53 (3.41) | 23.17 (4.11) |
Monthly household income (incl grants) median = R1450 | ||||||
Monthly household income below median of R1450 | 36.18 (10.00) | 35.91 (10.14) | 35.61 (5.69) | 36.61 (5.63) | 23.43 (3.71) | 23.75 (3.93) |
Monthly household income above median of R1450 | 36.77 (9.62) | 35.29 (10.04) | 36.11 (4.97) | 36.42 (5.88) | 23.36 (3.59) | 23.30 (4.24) |
Household composition: | ||||||
No. of inhabitants in household2 | ||||||
1 – 4 people | 36.16 (9.97) | 33.20 (8.99) | 35.98 (5.14) | 36.83 (5.62) | 23.12 (3.74) | 23.51 (4.38) |
5 - 7 people | 34.97 (10.16) | 35.12 (9.09) | 36.15 (5.70) | 36.61 (5.66) | 24.08 (3.44) | 23.70 (3.65) |
8 – 10 people | 37.06 (8.99) | 37.61 (11.63) | 34.72 (5.63) | 36.79 (5.34) | 23.19 (3.76) | 23.65 (3.93) |
More than 10 people | 38.02 (10.05) | 37.73 (9.92) | 36.83 (4.47) | 35.52 (6.39) | 23.26 (3.52) | 23.13 (4.62) |
3Dependency ratio4 | ||||||
1-3 children | 35.02 (10.00) | 34.56 (9.41) | 35.70 (5.47) | 36.72 (5.61) | 23.24 (3.61) | 23.64 (3.92) |
4-5 children | 35.83 (9.22) | 35.80 (10.20) | 35.86 (5.06) | 36.95 (5.59) | 23.75 (3.22) | 23.76 (3.83) |
6-7 children | 36.55 (10.10) | 37.40 (10.05) | 36.51 (5.80) | 37.30 (4.56) | 23.55 (3.93) | 23.78 (5.12) |
More than 8 children | 38.97 (9.57) | 38.19 (10.14) | 35.31 (4.88) | 34.73 (6.82) | 22.63 (3.97) | 22.78 (5.12) |
Number of adults in household5 | ||||||
1-2 adults | 36.35 (10.07) | 35.17 (10.00) | 35.69 (5.41) | 36.40 (5.75) | 23.41 (3.68) | 23.39 (4.09) |
3-4 adults | 34.97 (9.22) | 35.62 (9.78) | 35.89 (5.78) | 37.10 (5.36) | 23.89 (3.68) | 23.89 (3.70) |
5 or more adults | 38.78 (9.63) | 37.30 (10.60) | 36.08 (4.62) | 35.93 (6.05) | 22.94 (3.40) | 23.35 (4.42) |
Number of children in household6 | ||||||
1 – 2 children | 36.82 (10.26) | 33.96 (9.31) | 36.15 (5.24) | 36.47 (5.75) | 23.28 (3.47) | 23.71 (4.20) |
3-4 children | 35.04 (9.01) | 35.79 (9.78) | 35.56 (5.53) | 36.79 (5.53) | 23.64 (3.45) | 23.39 (3.67) |
5-6 children | 37.58 (10.55) | 36.48 (10.30) | 35.96 (4.69) | 36.55 (5.82) | 23.32 (3.72) | 23.47 (3.80) |
More than 7 children | 37.17 (9.56) | 38.12 (11.50) | 35.83 (5.93) | 35.85 (6.43) | 23.48 (3.98) | 23.04 (5.17) |
Caregiver characteristics: | ||||||
Caregiver self-reported health7,8 | ||||||
Poor health | 36.67 (9.15) | 36.82 (10.61) | 36.12 (5.27) | 35.89 (5.92) | 23.74 (3.48) | 23.17 (4.27) |
Fair health | 37.67 (9.14) | 37.38 (10.00) | 33.36 (4.38) | 35.47 (5.24) | 22.28 (3.02) | 24.02 (3.06) |
Good health | 36.15 (10.44) | 34.65 (9.52) | 35.48 (5.46) | 37.42 (5.40) | 23.11 (3.88) | 23.84 (4.09) |
Excellent health | 33.08 (11.73) | 34.65 (9.53) | 39.92 (4.81) | 37.88 (5.62) | 24.33 (4.21) | 23.89 (3.77) |
Caregiver impairment in last month9 | ||||||
No | 34.58 (9.10) | 34.55 (9.43) | 36.00 (4.74) | 37.27 (5.62) | 23.28 (3.37) | 23.85 (4.03) |
Yes | 37.83 (9.86) | 37.16 (10.53) | 35.67 (5.76) | 35.84 (5.69) | 23.48 (3.79) | 23.26 (4.02) |
Communication with caregiver about problems10 | ||||||
Never | 39.75 (11.16) | 40.50 (9.93) | 33.05 (5.92) | 33.72 (6.93) | 23.50 (3.09) | 21.47 (4.30) |
Sometimes | 36.71 (10.13) | 36.38 (10.53) | 35.06(5.49) | 35.06 (5.98) | 22.93 (4.00) | 22.74 (4.32) |
Always | 35.11 (8.83) | 34.91 (9.71) | 37.31 (4.63) | 37.66 (5.10) | 24.07 (3.26) | 24.26 (3.70) |
Caregiver is helpful when in need of help or material things11,12 | ||||||
Never | 35.67 (6.25) | 40.38 (10.84) | 34.67 (5.29) | 31.75 (7.46) | 24.00 (2.74) | 20.00 (6.00) |
Sometimes | 37.01 (10.06) | 35.68 (10.44) | 35.79 (5.73) | 35.36 (5.83) | 23.24 (4.022) | 22.62 (4.19) |
Always | 35.69 (9.58) | 35.67 (9.80) | 36.28 (5.03) | 37.14 (5.55) | 23.78 (3.35) | 24.05 (3.79) |
Adolescent characteristics: | ||||||
Child age13 | ||||||
10 – 12 years | 34.52 (8.68) | 34.27 (10.73) | 35.71 (5.92) | 37.44 (5.99) | 23.11 (4.21) | 23.79 (4.40) |
13 – 15 years | 35.61 (9.19) | 35.46 (10.00) | 36.45 (5.32) | 37.23 (5.51) | 23.32 (3.90) | 23.62 (4.20) |
16 – 18 years | 38.21 (10.66) | 36.72 (9.66) | 35.20 (5.10) | 35.31 (5.59) | 23.81 (2.97) | 23.45 (3.60) |
Gender | ||||||
Males | 38.08 (9.95) | 36.10 (10.48) | 35.84 (5.34) | 36.56 (5.39) | 23.27 (3.71) | 23.68 (3.81) |
Females | 35.57 (10.03) | 35.72 (9.36) | 35.54 (5.25) | 36.48 (6.07) | 23.52 (3.55) | 23.38 (4.36) |