Skip to main content

Table 1 Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses testing for differences according to parental education

From: Differences in beliefs and home environments regarding energy balance behaviors according to parental education and ethnicity among schoolchildren in Europe: the ENERGY cross sectional study

N = 6018

  

Correlate

ORa

95%CI

Soft drink

  

Unfavorable attitude

0.64***

(0.55; 0.75)

Incorrect health beliefs

0.94

(0.81; 1.09)

High preference/liking

0.89

(0.77; 1.02)

Unfavorable parental subjective norm

0.72***

(0.59; 0.87)

Low parent modeling

0.75***

(0.64; 0.87)

Parental practices

  

 Rules

0.86*

(0.76; 0.97)

 High allowance

0.75***

(0.65; 0.86)

 Bought on request

0.95

(0.83; 1.08)

 High accessibility

0.80**

(0.70; 0.91)

High home availability

0.73***

(0.65; 0.83)

Breakfast

  

Unfavorable attitudeb

0.77

(0.41; 1.47)

Health beliefs

  

 Incorrect (eating breakfast)

0.71***

(0.59; 0.86)

 Incorrect (not eating breakfast)

1.08

(0.96; 1.23)

Low preferences/liking

0.96

(0.73; 1.25)

Unfavorable parental subjective normb

0.70

(0.31; 1.57)

Low parent modeling

0.85

(0.68; 1.07)

Low co-participation

0.77***

(0.68; 0.88)

Low levels of active encouragement/parental support

0.93

(0.79; 1.09)

Parental practices

  

 Rules

0.84**

(0.74; 0.94)

 Bought on request

0.86**

(0.76; 0.96)

Low home availabilityb

1.03

(0.65; 1.65)

Physical activity/sports

  

Unfavorable attitudeb

0.37

(0.08; 1.70)

Incorrect health beliefs

0.72***

(0.61; 0.85)

Low preferences/likingb

0.73

(0.42; 1.26)

Unfavorable parental subjective normb

0.75

(0.35; 1.61)

Low parent modeling

0.69***

(0.60; 0.80)

Low co-participation

0.85*

(0.74; 0.96)

Low levels of active encouragement/parental support

0.95

(0.76; 1.20)

Parental practices

  

 Rules

0.86*

(0.75; 0.97)

 Low general allowance b

0.60*

(0.41; 0.89)

 Low specific allowance b

0.70*

(0.49; 1.00)

Low home availability

0.64***

(0.56; 0.74)

TV Viewing

  

Unfavorable attitude

0.85

(0.72; 1.00)

Incorrect health beliefs

0.69***

(0.61; 0.78)

High preferences/liking

1.06

(0.93; 1.21)

Unfavorable parental subjective norm

0.65***

(0.52; 0.81)

High parent modeling

0.75***

(0.67; 0.85)

High co-participation

0.66***

(0.56; 0.76)

Parental practices

  

 Rules

0.76***

(0.67; 0.85)

 High general allowance

0.63***

(0.56; 0.72)

 High specific allowance

0.70***

(0.62; 0.79)

High home availability

0.41***

(0.36; 0.47)

  1. aOdds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as derived from multilevel binary logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age and gender, testing for differences in likelihood to report favorable or unfavorable personal and home variables regarding soft drink consumption, breakfast, participation in sports, and TV time among 10–12 year old children from lower educated parents compared to children from higher educated parents. An OR >1 indicates that children with high educated parents are more likely to be in the correlate category coded 1 (see Additional file 1 for categorization); an OR <1 indicates that children with high educated parents are less likely to be in the correlate category coded 1 (see Additional file 1 for categorization). Statistical significant ORs are printed in bold, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
  2. bDue to small numbers in one of the two categories, multilevel analysis could not be performed using a second order Penalized Quasi-Likelihood (PQL) estimation procedure. Instead a first order Maximum Quasi-Likelihood (MQL) estimation procedure was used for these potential correlates.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us