A cross-sectional study of the environment, physical activity, and screen time among young children and their parents

Table 3 The relationship between individual- and neighborhood-level variables and physical activity

	Bivariate model	Multivariate model
	β(95% CI)	β(95% CI)
Child physical activity†
Socio-demographic
Child age (months)	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)*	0.02 (0.02, 0.03)*
Child sex	-0.10 (-0.35, 0.15)	-
Child care status	-0.71 (-1.05, -0.38)*	-0.34 (-0.68, -0.00)*
Family structure	-0.16 (-0.48, 0.16)	-
Parental education	0.19 (0.07, 0.31)*	0.14 (0.02, 0.26)*
Neighborhood SES (z-score)	0.21 (-0.07, 0.35)*	0.09 (-0.06, 0.23)
Functional
Walkability (z-score)	-0.09 (-0.27, 0.09)	-
Safety
Road speed (%)	-0.34 (-0.90, 0.21)	-
Aesthetic
Streetscape (z-score)	0.05 (-0.10, 0.21)	-
Destination
Outdoor play/activity space (z-score)	-0.08 (-0.25, 0.09)	-
Recreation facilities (N per km²)	-0.01 (-0.07, 0.06)	-
Distance to closest park (km)	0.01 (-0.01, 0.02)	-
Yard space at home (100 m²)	-0.01 (-0.01, 0.00)	-
Parent physical activity†
Socio-demographic
Child age (months)	0.03 (0.02, 0.03)*	0.00 (-0.01, 0.02)
Child sex	-0.34 (-0.82, 0.16)	-
Parent sex	-1.35 (0.49, 2.25)*	-1.35 (0.49, 2.21)*
Child care status	0.33 (-0.43, 0.88)	-
Family structure	0.14 (-0.48, 0.76)	-
Parental education	-0.17 (-0.40, 0.06)	-
Neighborhood SES (z-score)	-0.11 (-0.34, 0.13)	-
Functional
Walkability (z-score)	0.18 (-0.09, 0.45)	-
Safety
Road speed (%)	0.05 (-0.78, 0.88)	-
Aesthetic
Streetscape (z-score)	-0.13 (-0.34, 0.09)	-
Destination
Outdoor play/activity space (z-score)	0.03 (-0.22, 0.27)	-
Recreation facilities (N per km²)	0.06 (-0.05, 0.17)	-
Distance to closest park (km)	-0.01 (-0.04, 0.03)	-
Yard space at home (100 m²)	-0.00 (-0.02, 0.01)	-

β (95% CI) = unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals; †Square-root transformed.
Child sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; parent sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; child care status: 0 = yes, 1 = no; family structure: 0 = two-parent family, 1 = one-parent family, ST = screen time; PA = physical activity; SES = socioeconomic status. Each variable in the multivariate models are adjusted for all other variables listed in that model; * P < 0.05.

ISSN: 1471-2458