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Table 3 Relationship between food insecurity and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status: adjusted for social determinants and lifestyle risk factors

From: Social determinants and lifestyle risk factors only partially explain the higher prevalence of food insecurity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in the Australian state of Victoria: a cross-sectional study

Secondary independent variables

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

 

Non-ATSI *

ATSI *

p value

Age and sex

 Age

1.0

4.0 (2.5-6.6)

<0.001

 Sex

1.0

4.6 (2.8-7.5)

<0.001

Socioeconomic status (SES) a

1.0

3.9 (2.3-6.6)

<0.001

Lifestyle risk factors b

 Current smoker

1.0

3.8 (2.3-6.3)

<0.001

 Obese

1.0

4.9 (2.9-8.2)

<0.001

Social support c

 Unable to get help from family

1.0

4.1 (2.5-6.9)

<0.001

 Unable to get help from friends

1.0

4.8 (2.9-7.9)

<0.001

 Unable to get help from neighbours

1.0

4.5 (2.7-7.5)

<0.001

Household composition d

 Lone parent household

1.0

4.6 (2.8-7.6)

<0.001

 Household with a child

1.0

4.4 (2.7-7.2)

<0.001

 Household size

1.0

4.6 (2.8-7.3)

<0.001

Multivariable models

 

 Age and SESa

1.0

3.0 (1.8-5.2)

<0.001

 Age and lifestyle risk factorsb

1.0

3.8 (2.3-6.4)

<0.001

 Age and social supportc

1.0

4.0 (2.4-6.6)

<0.001

 Age, SES and lifestyle risk factorsc b

1.0

2.9 (1.6-5.2)

<0.001

 Age, SES and social supporta c

1.0

2.9 (1.7-5.1)

<0.001

 Age, SES, lifestyle & social supporta b c

1.0

2.8 (1.6-5.0)

0.001

 All significant predictor variablesd e

1.0

2.9 (1.6-5.1)

<0.001

  1. ATSI *= Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
  2. Crude odds ratio was 4.5 (2.7-7.4).
  3. aTotal annual household income, bSmoking status and obesity, cInability to get help from family and/or friends, dAll variables shown by univariable analysis to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with food insecurity.
  4. eHosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test; F(9, 26118) = 0.55, prob > F = 0.8359. All interaction terms were insignificant. All p values were <0.001 for the adjusted odds ratio.