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Table 2 Characteristics for hardcore and non-hardcore daily smokers at age 26 years and above, Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Poland (2009–2010)

From: Prevalence and factors associated with hardcore smoking in Poland: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2009–2010)

 

Men

Women

Non-hardcore smokers, %

Hardcore smokers, %

p-value for differencesa

Non-hardcore smokers, %

Hardcore smokers, %

p-value for differencesa

Age (years)

  

<0.001

  

<0.05

  26–29

13.7

7.3

 

12.3

7.5

 

  30–39

21.4

28.3

 

21.6

17.2

 

  40–49

27.1

27.1

 

24.2

33.8

 

  50–59

22.9

25.6

 

29.5

33.3

 

  ≥ 60

15.0

11.7

 

12.4

8.2

 

Age at smoking onset

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  < 14

3.1

4.0

 

0.7

0.7

 

  14–17

32.1

42.3

 

21.6

33.5

 

  18–20

43.0

39.8

 

42.6

42.4

 

  ≥ 21

21.7

13.9

 

35.0

23.4

 

Education

  

NS

  

NS

  Primary

14.2

14.2

 

11.3

14.1

 

  Vocational

45.8

44.7

 

31.1

28.6

 

  Secondary

32.3

33.5

 

41.2

46.9

 

  High

7.8

7.6

 

16.3

10.5

 

Economic activity

  

NS

  

NS

  Employed

63.9

66.2

 

54.7

61.1

 

  Unemployed

13.2

13.0

 

5.8

4.8

 

  Not active

22.9

20.8

 

39.5

34.2

 

Place of residence

  

<0.01

  

<0.01

  Rural

39.9

40.3

 

29.4

24.3

 

  Urban up to 50 000

27.7

21.4

 

24.1

21.1

 

  50 000–200 000

12.4

19.7

 

21.8

16.7

 

  Over 200 000

20.0

18.6

 

24.7

37.9

 

Awareness of health consequences of smoking

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  Yes

85.6

74.5

 

88.1

76.0

 

  No

14.4

25.5

 

11.9

24.0

 

Time for first cigarette

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  Up to 30 min

57.9

79.4

 

46.5

78.1

 

  30 min or later

42.1

20.6

 

53.5

21.9

 

Wake up at night to smoke

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  Yes

20.3

36.6

 

15.7

37.2

 

  No

79.7

63.4

 

84.3

62.8

 

Saw health provider in last year

  

<0.001

  

NS

  Yes

59.5

47.1

 

72.6

65.8

 

  No

40.5

52.9

 

27.4

34.2

 

Health provider asked if smokes tobaccob

  

NS

  

NS

  Yes

63.9

58.3

 

64.3

56.8

 

  No

36.1

41.7

 

35.7

43.2

 

Health provider advised to quitc

  

NS

  

NS

  Yes

75.3

79.0

 

78.7

77.1

 

  No

24.7

21.0

 

21.3

22.9

 

Rules about smoking at home

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  Smoking allowed

41.4

58.7

 

45.2

61.6

 

  No rules

8.2

8.8

 

11.0

12.7

 

  Smoking prohibited with some exceptions

27.9

22.0

 

31.8

21.5

 

  Smoking completely prohibited

22.4

10.4

 

12.1

4.2

 

Support for tobacco control policies

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  High

50.9

37.2

 

49.8

28.6

 

  Medium

31.0

44.8

 

40.1

49.6

 

  Low

18.1

18.0

 

10.2

21.8

 

Mean age of smoking onset in years (SE)

18.9 (0.185)

17.9 (0.192)

<0.001

20.9 (0.308)

19.3 (0.256)

<0.001

Mean number of cigarettes per day (SE)

16.4 (0.453)

22.3 (0.418)

<0.001

12.8 (0.334)

20.8 (0.380)

<0.001

 

n = 539

n = 423

 

n = 426

n = 239

 
  1. Percentages and mean values were calculated using sample weights.
  2. aP-values for differences between hardcore and non-hardcore smokers. Chi-square test is used for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables; NS = not significant.
  3. bRestricted to respondents who saw health provider within past year.
  4. cRestricted to respondents who saw health provider within past year and were asked whether they smoke.
  5. SE = standard error.