Men | Women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-hardcore smokers, % | Hardcore smokers, % | p-value for differencesa | Non-hardcore smokers, % | Hardcore smokers, % | p-value for differencesa | |
Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.05 | ||||
26–29 | 13.7 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 7.5 | ||
30–39 | 21.4 | 28.3 | 21.6 | 17.2 | ||
40–49 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 24.2 | 33.8 | ||
50–59 | 22.9 | 25.6 | 29.5 | 33.3 | ||
≥ 60 | 15.0 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 8.2 | ||
Age at smoking onset | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
< 14 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | ||
14–17 | 32.1 | 42.3 | 21.6 | 33.5 | ||
18–20 | 43.0 | 39.8 | 42.6 | 42.4 | ||
≥ 21 | 21.7 | 13.9 | 35.0 | 23.4 | ||
Education | NS | NS | ||||
Primary | 14.2 | 14.2 | 11.3 | 14.1 | ||
Vocational | 45.8 | 44.7 | 31.1 | 28.6 | ||
Secondary | 32.3 | 33.5 | 41.2 | 46.9 | ||
High | 7.8 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 10.5 | ||
Economic activity | NS | NS | ||||
Employed | 63.9 | 66.2 | 54.7 | 61.1 | ||
Unemployed | 13.2 | 13.0 | 5.8 | 4.8 | ||
Not active | 22.9 | 20.8 | 39.5 | 34.2 | ||
Place of residence | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||||
Rural | 39.9 | 40.3 | 29.4 | 24.3 | ||
Urban up to 50 000 | 27.7 | 21.4 | 24.1 | 21.1 | ||
50 000–200 000 | 12.4 | 19.7 | 21.8 | 16.7 | ||
Over 200 000 | 20.0 | 18.6 | 24.7 | 37.9 | ||
Awareness of health consequences of smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Yes | 85.6 | 74.5 | 88.1 | 76.0 | ||
No | 14.4 | 25.5 | 11.9 | 24.0 | ||
Time for first cigarette | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Up to 30 min | 57.9 | 79.4 | 46.5 | 78.1 | ||
30 min or later | 42.1 | 20.6 | 53.5 | 21.9 | ||
Wake up at night to smoke | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Yes | 20.3 | 36.6 | 15.7 | 37.2 | ||
No | 79.7 | 63.4 | 84.3 | 62.8 | ||
Saw health provider in last year | <0.001 | NS | ||||
Yes | 59.5 | 47.1 | 72.6 | 65.8 | ||
No | 40.5 | 52.9 | 27.4 | 34.2 | ||
Health provider asked if smokes tobaccob | NS | NS | ||||
Yes | 63.9 | 58.3 | 64.3 | 56.8 | ||
No | 36.1 | 41.7 | 35.7 | 43.2 | ||
Health provider advised to quitc | NS | NS | ||||
Yes | 75.3 | 79.0 | 78.7 | 77.1 | ||
No | 24.7 | 21.0 | 21.3 | 22.9 | ||
Rules about smoking at home | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Smoking allowed | 41.4 | 58.7 | 45.2 | 61.6 | ||
No rules | 8.2 | 8.8 | 11.0 | 12.7 | ||
Smoking prohibited with some exceptions | 27.9 | 22.0 | 31.8 | 21.5 | ||
Smoking completely prohibited | 22.4 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 4.2 | ||
Support for tobacco control policies | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
High | 50.9 | 37.2 | 49.8 | 28.6 | ||
Medium | 31.0 | 44.8 | 40.1 | 49.6 | ||
Low | 18.1 | 18.0 | 10.2 | 21.8 | ||
Mean age of smoking onset in years (SE) | 18.9 (0.185) | 17.9 (0.192) | <0.001 | 20.9 (0.308) | 19.3 (0.256) | <0.001 |
Mean number of cigarettes per day (SE) | 16.4 (0.453) | 22.3 (0.418) | <0.001 | 12.8 (0.334) | 20.8 (0.380) | <0.001 |
n = 539 | n = 423 | n = 426 | n = 239 |