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Table 4 Adjusted correlates of secondhand smoke exposure in different environments among nonsmoking a South African Adults aged ≥ 16 years, South African Social Attitudes Survey 2010

From: Exposure to secondhand smoke and voluntary adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among non-smoking South African adults

Characteristics

Category

Work

Home

Café/Restaurant

Shabeen, (local bars), Bar or Club

Any secondhand smoke exposureb

  

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Sex

Male (Referent)

     
 

Female

0.81 (0.75-0.88)*

0.73 (0.62-0.87)*

0.95 (0.72-1.25)

0.78 (0.47-1.28)

0.74 (0.63-0.87)*

Age, years

16-24 (Referent)

     

25-34

2.23 (0.59-8.47)

1.43 (0.56-3.67)

1.02 (0.56-1.85)

1.04 (0.37-2.92)

1.18 (0.62-2.24)

35-44

2.06 (0.39-10.82)

0.83 (0.23-2.94)

0.73 (0.41-1.29)

0.51 (0.17-1.49)

0.77 (0.35-1.66)

45-54

1.72 (0.52-5.65)

0.77 (0.26-2.27)

0.87 (0.72-1.05)

0.47 (0.38-0.6)*

0.79 (0.55-1.12)

≥55

0.88 (0.21-3.79)

0.66 (0.15-2.85)

0.59 (0.42-0.82)*

0.34 (0.1-1.21)

0.56 (0.17-1.79)

Education

<12 years of schooling (Referent)

     

=12 years of schooling

1.60 (0.64-3.97)

0.67 (0.34-1.31)

1.37 (1.07-1.77)*

1.29 (0.94-1.76)

1.33 (1.06-1.67)*

>12 years of schooling

1.63 (1.13-2.37)*

0.41 (0.27-0.63)*

1.16 (0.49-2.79)

1.23 (0.67-2.23)

1.22 (0.68-2.2)

Marital status

Never married (Referent)

     

Separated, widowed, or divorced

0.93 (0.24-3.70)

1.21 (0.77-1.89)

1.20 (0.96-1.49)

1.08 (1.02-1.14)*

1.12 (0.51-2.44)

Married

1.22 (1.03-1.45)*

0.98 (0.45-2.16)

1.14 (0.91-1.42)

1.13 (0.75-1.69)

1.13 (0.93-1.36)

Ethnicity

Black African (Referent)

     

Colored

1.45 (0.60-3.52)

1.53 (0.91-2.55)

1.10 (0.97-1.25)

0.57 (0.34-0.96)*

0.85 (0.49-1.48)

Indian or Asian

0.78 (0.52-1.17)

0.85 (0.44-1.64)

0.75 (0.58-0.98)*

0.4 (0.24-0.65)*

0.85 (0.68-1.06)

White

0.78 (0.65-0.94)*

0.84 (0.41-1.71)

1.42 (1.08-1.87)*

0.65 (0.42-1)

0.8 (0.62-1.04)

Residence type

Urban (Referent)

     

Rural

1.08 (0.80-1.46)

1.16 (0.78-1.73)

0.76 (0.71-0.80)*

0.62 (0.47-0.81)*

0.79 (0.65-0.95)*

  1. Note: Denominators for the various environments assessed included only participants whose responses indicated that they worked, had a home, had a car in their household, or that they went to cafes/restaurants; or to shabeens, bars or clubs, respectively. The proportion of missing/inapplicable responses excluded from the denominators for the respective environments included: work (16.1%; n = 380); home (2.9%; n = 69); cafes/restaurants (6.3%; n = 134); and shabeens, bars or clubs (9.8%; n = 254),
  2. aNon-smokers were respondents who reported not smoking hand-rolled or manufactured cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or water-pipes. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
  3. bRespondents who reported being exposed to secondhand smoke in at least one of the following: the work, home, restaurants, or bars.
  4. *Statistically significant at p < 0.05.