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Table 3 Prevalence of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in different environments among nonsmoking a South African Adults aged ≥ 16 years, South African Social Attitudes Survey 2010 (n = 2,410)

From: Exposure to secondhand smoke and voluntary adoption of smoke-free home and car rules among non-smoking South African adults

Characteristic

Sample

Work

Home

Café or Restaurants

Shabeens (local bars), Bars or Clubs

Any exposureb

  

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

Overall

2,410

18.4 (15.7-21.2)

25.2 (15.7-34.6)

33.4 (25.4-41.4)

32.7 (25.7-39.8)

55.9 (52.3-59.4)

Sex

      

 Male

1,353

20.7 (19.4-22.0)

27.0 (19.4-34.7)

34.7 (28.9-40.5)

34.2 (27.7-40.7)

58.2 (54.1-62.3)

 Female

1,044

15.1 (10.6-19.5)

22.5 (8.4-36.5)

31.3 (21.3-41.3)

30.3 (19.6-40.9)

52.7 (47.8-57.6)

Age, years

      

 16-24

496

11.1 (0.9-21.3)

25.3 (19.8-30.9)

34.7 (25.8-43.6)

36.3 (19.8-52.9)

60.5 (54.5-66.6)

 25-34

536

26.0 (23.0-29.1)

31.2 (13.6-48.9)

36.2 (31.8-40.5)

44.2 (28.9-59.5)

62.0 (55.6-68.4)

 35-44

499

24.4 (14.3-34.6)

23.2 (8.0-38.4)

32.6 (24.5-40.7)

27.7 (22.7-32.7)

52.7 (46.3-59.2)

 45-54

339

20.2 (11.2-29.1)

22.0 (18.0-25.9)

35.5 (15.3-55.7)

26.3 (13.7-38.8)

53.6 (46.0-61.1)

 ≥55

539

10.8 (7.7-13.9)

20.0 (3.3-36.7)

26.6 (12.0-41.2)

19.4 (15.0-23.8)

43.9 (36.8-51.0)

Education

      

 <12 years of schooling

1,322

14.1 (7.9-20.2)

28.0 (21.0-34.9)

28.1 (23.7-32.6)

28.5 (20.7-36.2)

53.0 (48.3-57.7)

 =12 years of schooling

695

23.1 (14.2-31.9)

24.8 (10.2-39.4)

39.4 (36.9-42.0)

38.4 (28.0-48.8)

61.2 (55.4-67.1)

 >12 years of schooling

362

25.4 (19.7-31.0)

15.6 (13.5-17.7)

40.8 (22.6-59.1)

37.3 (27.7-46.9)

55.7 (48.7-62.6)

Marital status

      

 Never married

1,069

17.2 (15.3-19.1)

26.7 (16.6-36.8)

33.4 (30.0-36.7)

36.0 (27.9-44.1)

58.1 (53.5-62.7)

 Separated, widowed, or divorced

384

13.8 (0.0-29.8)

23.1 (8.3-38.0)

29.2 (7.2-51.2)

24.2 (17.8-30.6)

46.3 (40.2-56.4)

 Married

920

22.5 (19.8-25.2)

24.1 (14.3-33.9)

34.8 (22.6-47.0)

29.5 (20.6-38.3)

54.3 (49.3-59.2)

Ethnicity

      

 Black African

1,484

18.2 (15.2-21.2)

26.3 (17.7-34.9)

32.0 (26.7-37.4)

34.0 (23.7-44.3)

55.8 (51.6-60.1)

 Colored

349

23.4 (7.5-39.3)

30.1 (17.1-43.1)

33.4 (29.5-37.3)

23.4 (15.1-31.7)

56.5 (48.5-64.6)

 Indian or Asian

294

19.8 (15.4-24.1)

13.0 (10.7-15.2)

36.7 (30.2-43.1)

24.8 (20.5-29.2)

55.3 (46.4-64.1)

 White

264

16.7 (15.4-17.9)

15.7 (14.5-16.8)

44.8 (43.1-46.5)

28.3 (26.2-30.5)

55.6 (48.3-62.8)

Residence type

      

 Urban

1,689

18.9 (16.6-21.2)

23.3 (13.0-33.6)

35.9 (31.6-40.2)

35.2 (27.2-43.1)

57.3 (53.4-61.3)

 Rural

721

17.7 (15.0-20.4)

28.2 (27.7-28.7)

29.4 (27.6-31.1)

28.8 (26.6-31.1)

53.4 (46.6-60.3)

  1. Note: CI = confidence interval. Denominators for the various environments assessed included only participants whose responses indicated that they worked, had a home, had a car in their household, or that they went to cafes/restaurants; or to shabeens, bars or clubs, respectively. The proportion of missing/inapplicable responses excluded from the denominators for the respective environments included: work (16.1%; n = 380); home (2.9%; n = 69); cafes/restaurants (6.3%; n = 134); and shabeens, bars or clubs (9.8%; n = 254),
  2. aNon-smokers were respondents who reported not smoking hand-rolled or manufactured cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or water-pipes.
  3. bRespondents who reported being exposed to secondhand smoke in at least one of the following: the work, home, café/restaurants, or bars, shabeens, or clubs.