Table 5 Associations between social relationships and heavy drinking

Social networks/support

Marital status (women)

Married/cohabiting

1.00

1.00

1.00

Widowed

0.97 (0.66, 1.42)

0.96 (0.69, 1.34)

1.03 (0.73, 1.45)

Divorced/separated

1.21 (0.72, 2.02)

1.15 (0.76, 1.75)

1.24 (0.81, 1.91)

Single

1.83 (0.89, 3.76)

1.58 (0.94, 2.68)

1.70 (1.01, 2.86)*

Marital status (men)

Married/cohabiting

1.00

1.00

1.00

Widowed

1.59 (1.08, 2.32)*

1.59 (1.09, 2.32)*

1.67 (1.13, 2.47)*

Divorced/separated

2.35 (1.69, 3.26)***

2.37 (1.72, 3.27)***

2.59 (1.89, 3.54)***

Single

1.68 (0.85, 3.32)

1.69 (0.86, 3.35)

1.85 (0.97, 3.54)

Number of close friends

0-4

1.00

1.00

1.00

5-8

0.91 (0.71, 1.18)

0.91 (0.70, 1.17)

0.90 (0.70, 1.15)

9 or more

1.04 (0.86, 1.27)

1.04 (0.86, 1.26)

1.02 (0.85, 1.24)

Emotional support

Lack of emotional support

1.00

1.00

Sufficient emotional support

1.03 (0.83, 1.29)

1.03 (0.83, 1.28)

Covariates

Age (years)

0.95 (0.93, 0.97)***

0.95 (0.93, 0.97)***

0.96 (0.94, 0.97)***

Gender

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

0.86 (0.70, 1.05)

0.86 (0.70, 1.05)

0.85 (0.69, 1.04)

Poverty-income ratio (cont.)

1.11 (1.03, 1.20)*

Education

More than high school

1.00

High school diploma

1.07 (0.80, 1.43)

Less than high school

0.96 (0.75, 1.25)

Ethnicity (%)

White Americans

1.00

African Americans

1.13 (0.90, 1.41)

Mexican Americans

1.45 (1.15, 1.84)**

Other Hispanic Americans

1.26 (0.86, 1.86)

Other

1.05 (0.59, 1.88)