Table 4 Associations between social relationships and current smoking

Social networks/support

Marital status

Married/cohabiting

1.00

1.00

1.00

Widowed

2.08 (1.55, 2.79)***

2.08 (1.54, 2.80)***

1.70 (1.27, 2.27)**

Divorced/separated

2.44 (1.89, 3.15)***

2.44 (1.88, 3.17)***

2.08 (1.59, 2.71)***

Single

1.59 (0.90, 2.81)

1.59 (0.90, 2.80)

1.22 (0.67, 2.23)

Number of close friends

0-4

1.00

1.00

1.00

5-8

0.74 (0.56, 0.98)*

0.74 (0.56, 0.98)*

0.81 (0.61, 1.08)

9 or more

0.94 (0.72, 1.22)

0.93 (0.72, 1.22)

1.02 (0.78, 1.32)

Emotional support

Lack of emotional support

1.00

1.00

Sufficient emotional support

1.00 (0.80, 1.26)

1.03 (0.82, 1.29)

Covariates

Age (years)

0.92 (0.90, 0.94)***

0.92 (0.90, 0.94)***

0.91 (0.90, 0.93)***

Gender

Female

1.00

1.00

1.00

Male

1.38 (1.10, 1.74)**

1.38 (1.10, 1.74)**

1.36 (1.07, 1.74)*

Poverty-income ratio (cont.)

0.85 (0.79, 0.91)***

Education

Less than high school

1.00

High school diploma

0.91 (0.69, 1.22)

More than high school

0.75 (0.59, 0.97)*

Ethnicity (%)

White Americans

1.00

African Americans

0.89 (0.69, 1.13)

Mexican Americans

0.69 (0.50, 0.95)*

Other Hispanic Americans

1.03 (0.66, 1.60)

Other

0.80 (0.46, 1.40)