Table 2 Studies cross-classified by method of food environment exposure measurement and type of diet outcome
From: The community and consumer food environment and children’s diet: a systematic review
FE exposure diet outcome | GIS | Pricing | Self-report outlets | Food outlet audit | Fruit and vegetable availability in food outlets | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy outlets | Unhealthy outlets | Various outlets | |||||
Fruit and vegetable intake | Mushi-Brunt et al. [34] | Powell et al. [36] | Edmonds et al. [22] | ||||
Various food group intake | Davis & Carpenter [20] | An et al. [18] Laska et al. [31] Skidmore et al. [37] Jennings et al. [28] | Sturm & Datar [39] | Ho et al. [26] | |||
Snack/junk food, candy intake | Buck et al. [19] | ||||||
Sugar-sweetened beverage intake | Pabayo et al. [35] | ||||||
Fast food intake | Khan et al. [29] | Longacre et al. [33] | |||||
Diet quality | He et al. [24] | Lamichhane et al. [30] | Veugelers et al. [42] | ||||
Energy and/or macronutrient intake | Leung et al. [32] | ||||||
Healthy vs unhealthy diet scores | Smith et al. [38] | ||||||
Food purchasing behavior | He et al. [25] | ||||||