Table 4 Changes in body composition and body fat distribution from baseline to follow-up (5.5-years) in the PA groups

Age (years)

35

25 ± 6^a

31 ± 6^a

22

28 ± 7^b

34 ± 7^b

Age- adjusted p values

Body composition

Time

Group

Interaction

Height (m)

35

1.59 ± 0.1

1.59 ± 0.1

22

1.60 ± 0.1

1.60 ± 0.1

-

0.328

-

Weight (kg)

35

82.0 ± 19.6^a

89.5 ± 19.2^a

22

91.0 ± 15.6^b

98.3 ± 13.2^b

<0.001

0.087

0.730

BMI (kg/m²)

35

32.4 ± 7.5^a

35.4 ± 7.6^a

22

35.4 ± 5.9^b

38.3 ± 6.1^b

<0.001

0.181

0.732

FFSTM (kg)

35

44.4 ± 6.5^a

45.4 ± 6.5^a

22

47.3 ± 5.7^b

48.0 ± 4.6^b

0.051

0.127

0.825

Fat mass (kg)

35

34.2 ± 14.0^a

38.9 ± 13.9^a

22

39.5 ± 11.0^b

44.7 ± 10.3^b

<0.001

0.135

0.490

Body fat (%)

35

40.7 ± 8.6^a

43.9 ± 6.4^a

22

43.5 ± 6.3^b

46.7 ± 5.3^b

0.001

0.166

0.823

Body fat distribution

Waist (cm)

35

97.1 ± 17.9^a

105.1 ± 17.5^a

22

102.4 ± 15.3^b

113.6 ± 13.3^b

0.001

0.323

0.181

Hip (cm)

35

116.5 ± 16.2

119.4 ± 14.9

22

122.3 ± 10.3

123.7 ± 9.3

0.702

0.185

0.856

Waist: Hip

35

0.83 ± 0.1^a

0.87 ± 0.1^a

22

0.83 ± 0.1^b

0.91 ± 0.1^b

0.001

0.455

0.117

CFM (kg)

34

15.9 ± 7.3^a

18.7 ± 7.0^a

21

18.9 ± 6.6^b

22.2 ± 6.3^b

<0.001

0.104

0.359

CFM (%FM)

34

37.3 ± 11.1^a

41.6 ± 10.4^a

21

42.3 ± 10.6^b

47.1 ± 9.5^b

<0.001

0.083

0.492

AFM (kg)

34

18.2 ± 7.0^a

20.1 ± 7.2^a

21

20.6 ± 5.0^b

22.4 ± 5.2^b

0.001

0.704

0.217

AFM (%FM)

34

43.4 ± 9.4^a

44.9 ± 10.1^a

21

46.7 ± 7.3^b

47.8 ± 7.6^b

0.014

0.239

0.997

VAT (cm²)

25

58.6 ± 36

75.2 ± 41

14

80.8 ± 51

89.1 ± 48

0.563

0.316

0.452

SAT (cm²)

25

418.7 ± 214^a

472.5 ± 187^a

14

478.0 ± 142^b

511.7 ± 122^b

0.004

0.464

0.541

VAT/SAT

25

0.14 ± 0.1

0.16 ± 0.1

14

0.16 ± 0.1

0.18 ± 0.1

0.764

0.785

0.876