Table 5 Measures collected at 24 month follow-up from young people

Behaviour - strengths and difficulties

Strengths and difficulties/wellbeing and stress

TO

SDQ [66]

Life at home

Family activities (opportunities for involvement in pro-social activities; possibly bonding)

ST

From HBSC/PEACH study

Young people’s own time

From west of Scotland Twenty 07

Parenting/child management

IO/

General child management measure, project family [71, 72, 77]

TO

Parents and school

Three questions; one adapted from the child rearing practices measure

Help around the home

IO

Adapted versions of questions asked to parents at 9/15 months.

Development of self-efficacy

ST/ TO

Bandura’s self efficacy scale [83]

Attachment to parents

ST

The security scale [84]

Befriending pro-social/anti-social peers

ST

Social development model scale on friends’ anti-social qualities (Interaction with antisocial peers scale) [85]

Positive bonding to school

ST

School bonding measure/SDM [86]

Participant substance use

Smoking behaviour – ever smoked?

Question from substance initiation index [29]

Smoking status

TO/ SO

ASSIST study version of NatCen/NFER question [64]

Age first smoked

TO

From HBSC questionnaire

Ever drunk a drink?

NatCen/NFER [65]

Age of first drink

SO

Adapted from HBSC/NatCen/NFER

Drinking frequency, last month (including different types)

SO

Adapted questions from HBSC questionnaire

Ever really drunk?

From HBSC questionnaire

Age first drunk

Adapted version of question in HBSC questionnaire

Number of times drunk, drinking alcohol or 5+ drinks in a row in last month

PO/SO

Adapted from HBSC questionnaire

Alcohol-related problems

SO

Q21 from ESPAD survey [87]

Drug use – ever used?

Amended from HBSC/NatCen/NFER [65]

Cannabis use (ever, 12 months, or 30 days)

SO

From HBSC questionnaire

Age of first drug use

TO

Adapted from HBSC questionnaire

General health

Health state today

HE/TO

EQ-5D (child version) [73]

General health

HE/TO

UK Kidscreen 10 [74]