Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants (n = 1007)
|  | Men (n = 488) | Women (n = 519) | Total (n = 1007) | pValue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age (years) | 51.11 ± 13.93 | 49.54 ± 13.51 | 50.30 ± 13.74 | 0.359 |
Height (cm) | 170.18 ± 5.52 | 158.06 ± 5.70# | 163.93 ± 8.26 | 0.761 |
Weight (kg) | 71.54 ± 10.01 | 57.82 ± 8.25# | 64.47 ± 11.43 | 0.038 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.61 ± 2.69 | 23.17 ± 3.21# | 23.87 ± 3.05 | 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.44 ± 7.07 | 74.19 ± 8.11# | 79.18 ± 9.18 | 0.004 |
Blood pressure | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.08 ± 12.23 | 121.01 ± 14.80# | 122.99 ± 13.76 | 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.58 ± 8.82 | 72.18 ± 9.80# | 74.80 ± 9.71 | 0.013 |
Blood variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 104.33 ± 24.40 | 95.30 ± 14.66# | 99.67 ± 20.47 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin A1C (mg/dl) | 5.67 ± 0.71 | 5.67 ± 0.75 | 5.67 ± 0.73 | 0.46 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 192.47 ± 33.12 | 190.06 ± 33.14 | 191.23 ± 33.13 | 0.647 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 153.27 ± 95.90 | 109.44 ± 67.18# | 130.49 ± 85.06 | <0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 119.79 ± 29.73 | 120.44 ± 30.65 | 120.13 ± 30.20 | 0.185 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 45.66 ± 10.80 | 53.53 ± 12.25# | 49.75 ± 12.22 | 0.008 |
Number of metabolic syndrome components | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 0 | 105 (21.5) | 49 (9.4) | 154 (15.3) |  |
 1 | 146 (29.9) | 198 (38.2) | 344 (34.2) |  |
 2 | 117 (24.0) | 149 (28.7) | 266 (26.4) |  |
 3 | 71 (14.5) | 84 (16.2) | 155 (15.4) |  |
 4 | 24 (4.9) | 25 (4.8) | 49 (4.9) |  |
 5 | 13 (2.7) | 5 (1.0) | 18 (1.8) |  |
Metabolic syndrome | 110 (22.9) | 119 (23.1) | 229 (22.7) | Â |