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Table 2 Level of fluoride (ppm) in water by type of source

From: High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin

Source

Borehole

Dams

Lake

Ponds

River Yala

Springs

Streams

Tap water

Overall

Mean [F] ppm

0.74±0.48

0.96±0.79

0.41±0.28

1.41±0.82

0.41±0.423

1.25±0.43

0.95±0.41

0.54±0.77

0.86±0.67

Highest

2.09

5.18

0.94

2.43

1.09

1.81

1.85

2.92

5.18

>3.0 ppm

-

1 (2.1%)

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 (0.8%)

1.5-2.9 ppm

1 (4.3%)

6 (12.8%)

-

3 (50.0%)

-

1 (16.7%)

2 (9.1%)

1 (9.1%)

14 (10.9%)

1.0-1.4 ppm

4 (17.4%)

6 (12.8%)

-

-

1 (20.0%)

3 (50.0%)

7 (31.8%)

-

21 (16.4%)

0.5-0.9 ppm

11 (47.8%)

26 (55.3%)

3 (37.3%)

2 (33.3%)

-

2 (33.3%)

9 (40.9%)

3 (27.3%)

56 (43.8%)

<0.4 ppm

7 (30.4%)

8 (17.0%)

5 (62.5%)

1 (16.7%)

4 (80.0%)

-

4 (18.2%)

7 (63.6%)

36 (28.1%)

Lowest

0.17

0.22

0.01

0.37

0.11

0.96

0.34

0.14

0.01

Sample size (n)

23

47

8

6

5

6

22

11

128