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Table 5 Associations between area-level indicators and poor SRH determined by multilevel logistic regression

From: Individualized and institutionalized residential place-based discrimination and self-rated health: a cross-sectional study of the working-age general population in Osaka city, Japan

  

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

  

Unadjusted model

Age- and sex-adjusted model

Age, sex and corresponding individual-level factor-adjusted modela

Age, sex, PBD and SES-adjusted modelb

Area-level indicators

 

ORs

95%CI

ORs

95%CI

ORs

95%CI

ORs

95%CI

Area-level PBD, aggregatedc

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALPBD)e

2nd

1.26

0.89, 1.77

1.23

0.85, 1.74

1.21

0.85, 1.72

1.18

0.83, 1.68

 

3rd

1.43

1.03, 2.00

1.42

1.01, 1.99

1.38f

0.99, 1.92

1.31f

0.93, 1.84

 

Highest

1.84

1.35, 2.52

1.76

1.29, 2.43

1.57

1.13, 2.18

1.32f

0.95, 1.86

Area-level unemployed, aggregatedc

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALUEA)

2nd

0.83

0.60, 1.16

0.80

0.57, 1.11

0.80

0.56, 1.11

0.84

0.61, 1.16

 

3rd

0.65

0.46, 0.93

0.64

0.45, 0.90

0.60

0.42, 0.85

0.65

0.46, 0.92

 

Highest

1.06

0.78, 1.46

1.02

0.75, 1.40

0.92

0.66, 1.27

0.90

0.67, 1.23

Area-level unemployed, censusd

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALUEC)

2nd

0.86

0.62, 1.22

0.85

0.61, 1.20

0.83

0.58, 1.17

0.82

0.59, 1.16

 

3rd

0.94

0.67, 1.32

0.92

0.65, 1.29

0.87

0.61, 1.25

0.77

0.55, 1.08

 

Highest

1.36

0.99, 1.89

1.32

0.96, 1.81

1.23

0.88, 1.71

0.99

0.72, 1.38

Area-level not-home-owner, aggregatedc

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALNHA)

2nd

1.28

0.91, 1.82

1.28

0.91, 1.81

1.17

0.82, 1.65

1.16

0.81, 1.65

 

3rd

1.53

1.10, 2.13

1.59

1.14, 2.22

1.33

0.94, 1.86

1.34

0.94, 1.89

 

Highest

1.57

1.14, 2.20

1.63

1.17, 2.28

1.16

0.82, 1.66

1.13

0.79, 1.63

Area-level not-home-owner, censusd

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALNHC)

2nd

1.24

0.87, 1.76

1.17

0.82, 1.68

1.18

0.84, 1.65

1.05

0.74, 1.48

 

3rd

1.48

1.05, 2.11

1.43

1.02, 2.05

1.50

1.07, 2.08

1.22

0.87, 1.73

 

Highest

1.65

1.18, 2.33

1.61

1.14, 2.30

1.53

1.11, 2.12

1.26

0.91, 1.76

Area-level deprivation index, censusd

Lowest (reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

(ALDI)

2nd

1.16

0.83, 1.61

1.19

0.86, 1.66

1.17

0.83, 1.66

1.09

0.76, 1.53

 

3rd

0.96

0.68, 1.35

0.98

0.69, 1.38

0.90

0.62, 1.27

0.82

0.57, 1.15

 

Highest

1.78

1.30, 2.44

1.76

1.30, 2.40

1.66

1.20, 2.28

1.21

0.86, 1.68

  1. aWorking status was adjusted for the model for area-level deprivation index.
  2. bAge, sex, individual-level perceived PBD, working status, housing tenure and education attainment were adjusted.
  3. cThe term “aggregated” means area-level aggregates (%) of survey positive responses for individual-level place-based discrimination, unemployment or not-home-owner within each tract.
  4. dThe term “census” means that area-level indicators were created from the information from Japanese census 2005.
  5. eTransferred from Table 4.
  6. fStatistical significance of P < 0.1 (marginal significance).
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BMC Public Health

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