Skip to main content

Table 3 Perceived place-based discrimination and poor self-rated health according to the quartile of the area-level indicators

From: Individualized and institutionalized residential place-based discrimination and self-rated health: a cross-sectional study of the working-age general population in Osaka city, Japan

  

Subjects

Individual-level place-based discrimination, yes

Poor self-rated health

Area-level indicators

Quartile (range)

N (%)

N (%)

P for differencea

N (%)

P for differencea

Area-level place-based discrimination, aggregatedb

Lowest (0.0-0.0)

869 (29.3)

0 (0.0)

<0.01

91 (10.5)

<0.01

(ALPBD)

2nd (2.7-3.3)

632 (21.3)

19 (3.0)

 

82 (13.0)

 
 

3rd (3.4-7.4)

694 (23.4)

34 (4.9)

 

98 (14.1)

 
 

Highest (7.7-50.0)

768 (25.9)

138 (18.0)

 

133 (17.3)

 

Area-level unemployed, aggregatedb

Lowest (0.0-2.3)

728 (24.6)

49 (6.7)

0.01

111 (15.3)

0.01

(ALUEA)

2nd (2.6-3.8)

744 (25.1)

30 (4.0)

 

97 (13.0)

 
 

3rd (4.0-8.0)

716 (24.2)

49 (6.8)

 

75 (10.5)

 
 

Highest (8.1-18.5)

775 (26.2)

63 (8.1)

 

121 (15.6)

 

Area-level unemployed, censusc

Lowest (3.0-8.4)

729 (24.6)

23 (3.2)

<0.01

96 (13.2)

<0.01

(ALUEC)

2nd (8.6-10.3)

765 (25.8)

30 (3.9)

 

88 (11.5)

 
 

3rd (10.8-13.1)

723 (24.4)

50 (6.9)

 

91 (12.6)

 
 

Highest (13.1-28.6)

746 (25.2)

88 (11.8)

 

129 (17.3)

 

Area-level not-home-owner, aggregatedb

Lowest (8.6-26.9)

737 (24.9)

32 (4.3)

<0.01

76 (10.3)

<0.01

(ALNHA)

2nd (27.3-37.5)

707 (23.9)

46 (6.5)

 

92 (13.0)

 
 

3rd (39.3-57.1)

774 (26.1)

48 (6.2)

 

118 (15.3)

 
 

Highest (57.9-100.0)

745 (25.1)

65 (8.7)

 

118 (15.8)

 

Area-level not-home-owner, censusc

Lowest (18.5-43.2)

738 (24.9)

30 (4.1)

<0.01

88 (11.9)

0.17

(ALNHC)

2nd (43.6-54.4)

734 (24.8)

43 (5.9)

 

92 (12.5)

 
 

3rd (54.4-68.5)

755 (25.5)

61 (8.1)

 

113 (15.0)

 
 

Highest (68.9-97.0)

736 (24.8)

57 (7.7)

 

111 (15.1)

 

Area-level deprivation index, censusc

Lowest (0.0-19.9)

751 (25.4)

25 (3.3)

<0.01

84 (11.2)

<0.01

(ALDI)

2nd (20.5-31.0)

736 (24.8)

18 (2.5)

 

98 (13.3)

 
 

3rd (31.0-46.0)

731 (24.7)

43 (5.9)

 

81 (11.1)

 
 

Highest (46.7-100.0)

745 (25.1)

105 (14.1)

 

141 (18.9)

 
  1. Note: Higher quartiles indicate more disadvantaged area.
  2. aCalculated by chi-squared tests.
  3. bThe term “aggregated” means area-level aggregates (%) of survey positive responses for individual-level place-based discrimination, unemployment or not-home-owner within each tract.
  4. cThe term “census” means that area-level indicators were created from the information from Japanese census 2005.
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us