Variable | STKUd(n = 42) N (%) or Mean ± SD | Daily cigarette smoker chewers (n = 91) N (%) or Mean ± SDa | Khat chewers only (n = 71) N (%) or Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 38.12 ± 14.05 | 40.36 ± 17.84 | 53.55 (21.85) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 34 (81.0) | 62 (68.1) | 61 (85.9) |
In other status | 8 (19.0) | 29 (31.9) | 10 (14.1) |
Employment | |||
Employed | 19 (45) | 32 (35.2) | 21 (26.9) |
Unemployed | 23 (55) | 59 (64.8) | 50 (70.4) |
Education | |||
High level | 20 (48) | 32 (35.2) | 18 (25.4) |
Low level | 22 (52) | 59 (64.8) | 53 (74.6) |
Social participation | 42 ± 18.90 | 40.00 ± 21 | 42.34 ± 17.93 |
Daily time of chewing khat | |||
1-3 PM | 19 (45.2) | 37 (40.7) | 36 (50.7) |
After 3 PM | 23 (54.8) | 54 (59.3) | 35 (49.3) |
Former daily tobacco use | |||
No | 11 (26) | ------------------ | ------------------ |
Yes | 31 (74) | ||
Initiator of tobacco smoking | |||
Social (e.g. friends) | 23 (54.76) | 81 (89.01) | ------------------ |
Environmental (khat setting) | 19 (45.24) | 10 (10.99) | |
Ever tried quitting khat chewing | |||
No | 19 (45.2) | 47 (51.6) | 30 (42.3) |
Yes | 23 (54.8) | 44 (48.4) | 41 (57.7) |
Ever tried quitting TS b when chewing | |||
No | 12 (28.6) | ------------------ | ------------------ |
Yes | 30 (71.4) | ||
Age starting khat chewing | 19.50 ± 5.48 | 18 ± 6.00 | 19.36 ± 7.11 |
Days chewing per week | 2.67 ± 1.79 | 3.30 ± 2.08 | 2.72 ± 1.90 |
Hours chewing per session | 6.08 ± 1.95 | 6.00 ± 2.09 | 5.52 ± 1.81 |
Khat amount per session in bundle | 1.85 ± 1.05 | 1.51 ± 0.50 | 1.37 ± 0.50 |
Cigarettes smoked per session | 15.07 ± 10.33e | 21.04 ± 13.36 | ----------------- |
Own waterpipe smoked per session | 2.89 ± 1.96 | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
Attempts to quit TS b when chewing | 2.77 ± 1.94 | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
Attempts to quit khat chewing | 3.13 ± 2.07 | 4.20 ± 4.44 | 3.63 ± 2.92 |
CO PPM scores | 16 ± 15.66 | 20.53 ± 12.12 | ----------------- |
SDS-khat scores | 5.36 ± 4.38 | 5.08 ± 3.57 | 6.16 ± 4.35 |
DSM-IV scores | 1.42 ± 1.87 | 1.60 ± 1.84 | 1.92 ± 2.10 |
Chewing even ill | |||
No | 29 (69.0) | 50 (54.9) | 46 (64.8) |
Yes | 13 (31.0) | 41 (45.1) | 25 (35.2) |
Smoke more in the first hours of chewing | |||
No | 25 (59.5) | 55 (60.4) | ---------------- |
Yes | 17 (40.5) | 36 (39.6) | |
Chew more in the first two hours | |||
No | 31 (73.8) | 65 (71.4) | 31 (43.7) |
Yes | 11 (26.2) | 26 (28.6) | 40 (56.3) |
Easy/difficult not chewing the whole week | |||
Easy | 30 (71.4) | 53 (58.2) | 37 (52.1) |
Difficult | 12 (28.6) | 38 (41.8) | 34 (47.9) |
Want to quit chewing | |||
No | 19 (45.2) | 47 (51.6) | 44 (62.0) |
Yes | 23 (54.8) | 44 (48. 4) | 27 (38.0) |
Health conditions c | |||
No | 30 (71.4) | 62 (68.1) | 35 (49.3) |
Yes | 12 (28.6) | 29 (31.9) | 36 (50.7) |