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Table 2 Characteristics, according to categories of sugar-sweetened beverage intake by sex in a Mexican adult population

From: Sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study

 

Men

Women

 

< 0.5 SB/day

≥ 0.5-1.0 SB/day

>1.0- < 3.0 SB/day

≥ 3 SB/day

 

< 0.5 SB/day

≥ 0.5-1.0 SB/day

>1.0- < 3.0 SB/day

≥ 3 SB/day

 
 

(n = 333)

(n = 425)

(n = 592)

(n = 606)

P value*

(n = 1178)

(n = 1063)

(n = 1312)

(n = 1196)

P value*

Age (years) Ş

45.5 (12.0)

43.9 (11.8)

41.9 (11.4)

40.7 (11.0)

< 0.001

45.8 (12.7)

43.3 (12.3)

42.2 (11.7)

41.0 (11.4)

< 0.001

18-27%

5.0

7.9

10.4

10.8

0.003

9.5

12.2

12.7

13.2

0.004

28-37

22.3

24.8

28.7

31.4

0.003

19.5

22.6

23.6

27.1

< 0.001

38-47

28.2

30.2

28.9

30.0

0.6

25.8

28.8

31.0

31.7

0.001

48-57

27.3

22.4

22.1

19.8

0.01

24.4

22.9

22.5

19.3

0.003

58-70

17.2

14.7

9.9

8.0

< 0.001

20.8

13.5

10.2

8.7

<0.001

BMI (kg/m 2 ) Ş

26.7 (3.8)

26.9 (4.0)

27.2 (4.0)

27.4 (3.8)

0.01

26.8 (4.8)

26.9 (4.7)

26.5 (4.6)

26.4 (4.7)

0.1

Overweight % Ω

50.5

52.8

49.1

50.6

0.9

39.4

37.9

38.1

40.3

0.6

Obese %

15.4

15.2

21.3

21.8

0.02

21.1

22.6

19.8

18.4

0.1

Body fat proportion

29.3 (6.9)

30.0 (7.6)

30.7 (7.8)

30.5 (6.7)

0.01

42.4 (6.7)

42.9 (6.5)

42.5 (6.7)

42.6 (6.5)

0.5

Excess body fat % ¶

75.8

78.7

82.2

83.2

0.01

86.1

88.2

86.7

87.6

0.3

Physical activity (min/d) Ş

33.8 (37.5)

31.0 (37.7)

33.2 (39.2)

34.8 (40.6)

0.7

25.2 (30.0)

22.9 (29.9)

19.5 (25.7)

22.7 (28.4)

0.05

Active (≥30 min/d) %

42.9

37.6

40.3

43.1

0.9

35.2

32.0

27.9

32.6

0.2

Tobacco use %

          

Ex-smoker

40.1

42.1

37.3

34.4

0.1

22.1

19.4

19.8

21.0

0.5

Current smoker

16.3

20.1

30.6

33.2

< 0.001

13.2

14.8

20.4

21.1

< 0.001

Uric acid (mg/dL) Ş

5.7 (1.3)

5.8 (1.6)

5.9 (1.4)

6.1 (1.5)

< 0 .001

4.3 (1.3)

4.4 (1.2)

4.4 (1.2)

4.4 (1.3)

0.9

Hyperuricemia %+

13.4

19.2

20.8

25.2

< 0.001

13.1

13.8

14.1

14.1

0.9

Dietary variables

          

Portion of sweetened beverages/dayŞ

0.3 (0.4)

0.8 (0.4)

1.5 (0.7)

3.5 (1.6)

< 0.001

0.3 (0.4)

0.8 (0.4)

1.5 (0.8)

3.5 (1.5)

< 0.001

Calorie intake from sweetened beverages (kcal/day)Ş

34.9 (26.8)

102.2 (41.8)

196.2 (89.4)

442.4 (195.9)

< 0.001

28.9 (25.1)

96.8 (40.4)

180.2 (90.8)

426.4 (182.4)

< 0.001

Total calorie intake (kcal/day)Ş

2214 (1004)

2250 (827)

2324 (929)

2416 (931)

0.002

2035 (934)

2155 (840)

2111 (916)

2309 (871)

< 0.001

Carbohydrates (% of energy)Ş

56.9 (10.0)

57.2 (8.1)

57.8 (7.7)

62.7 (7.3)

< 0.001

59.5 (10.0)

59.4 (8.0)

60.2 (7.6)

65.1 (7.4)

< 0.001

Protein (% of energy)Ş

17.9 (7.7)

17.7 (6.0)

17.8 (6.0)

15.6 (4.9)

<0.001

15.0 (5.6)

15.2 (4.8)

15.2 (4.6)

13.0 (3.9)

< 0.001

Fat (% of energy)Ş

25.2 (6.1)

25.1 (5.3)

24.4 (4.9)

21.7 (4.6)

< 0 .001

24.5 (6.5)

25.4 (5.2)

24.5 (4.8)

21.8 (4.9)

< 0.001

Alcohol intake (gr/day)

10.2 (40.9)

9.3 (17.1)

10.0 (17.7)

7.7 (12.6)

0.18

2.1 (5.2)

2.5 (6.3)

2.0 (5.4)

2.1 (4.8)

1.00

Total meat intake (servings/day)a

1.45 (1.3)

1.47 (0.9)

1.54 (0.9)

1.46 (0.9)

0.88

1.19 (1.0)

1.33 (0.9)

1.32 (0.9)

1.26 (0–8)

0.06

Seafood intake (servings/day)b

0.20 (0.33)

0.15 (0.17)

0.13 (0.15)

0.13 (0.18)

< 0.001

0.15 (0.25)

0.15 (0.19)

0.13 (0.22)

0.12 (0.30)

0.08

Low fat dairy intake (serving/day)c

0.62 (1.0)

0.53 (1.0)

0.46 (0.8)

0.39 (0.8)

< 0.001

0.70 (1.1)

0.60 (1.0)

0.48 (0.9)

0.47 (0.9)

<0.001

High fat dairy intake (servings/day)d

1.8 (1.8)

1.9 (1.8)

1.7 (1.4)

1.7 (1.5)

0.36

2.3 (2.4)

2.3 (2.0)

2.1 (1.9)

2.0 (1.9)

0.003

Coffee intake (servings/day)

0.44 (0.9)

0.47 (0.9)

0.54 (0.9)

0.55 (0.9)

0.05

0.44 (0.8)

0.46 (0.8)

0.58 (0.9)

0.57 (0.9)

<0.001

Total fruit intake (servings/day)e

4.8 (5.2)

3.9 (4.2)

3.6 (3.9)

3.1 (3.5)

<0.001

6.0 (6.4)

5.4 (5.3)

4.7 (5.0)

4.5 (4.5)

< 0.001

Total vitamin C intake (mg/day)f

278 (256)

237 (185)

230 (199)

230 (196)

0.001

330 (298)

303 (239)

287 (256)

317 (247)

0.24

  1. ŞValues are means and with SD in parentheses, unless otherwise specified;
  2. Ω BMI: Overweight ≥ 25 - < 30 kg/m2; Obese, when BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2;
  3. ¶ Central obesity: > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women;
  4. + Hyperuricemia: ≥ 7.0 mg/dL for men, and ≥ 5.8 mg/dL for women;
  5. aTotal meat included main or mixed dish of beef/pork/lamb/, processed meat (sausage/bacon/ham/cecina/chorizo), poultry, chicken liver, beef liver, fried pork chunks;
  6. bSeafood intake included tuna, sardines, other seafood;
  7. cLow fat dairy foods included skim/low fat milk and panela cheese;
  8. dHigh fat dairy foods included whole milk, cream, butter, ice cream, cream cheese, and other cheese.
  9. eTotal fruit intake included banana, plum, peach, apple, orange, grapes, strawberry, blackberry, melon, watermelon, mango, tangerine, pear, mammee apple, sapote, prickly pear, papaya, pineapple;
  10. fTotal vitamin C included dietary vitamin C and supplemental vitamin C;
  11. * P-values were determined using a test for linear trend for continuous variables and chi2 test for categorical variables.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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