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Table 1 Participant characteristics categorized by misperception of physical activity within the inactive and active groups ( n = 453)

From: Awareness of physical activity in healthy middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study of associations with sociodemographic, biological, behavioural, and psychological factors

 

Inactive (n = 258)

Active (n = 195)

 

Overestimators

Realistic inactives

p-value

Underestimators

Realistic actives

p-value

(n = 130)

(n = 128)

(n = 71)

(n = 124)

Sociodemographic

      

Age (years)

47.7 (6.4)

47.3 (6.5)

0.68

46.2 (7.4)

46.3 (7.3)

0.95

Male, n (%)

20 (15.4)

25 (19.5)

0.38

58 (81.7)

98 (79.0)

0.66

Age ending full-time education (years)

18.0 (3.7)

18.2 (3.5)

0.66

18.0 (2.6)

18.0 (3.3)

0.97

Employed full-time, n (%)

59 (45.4)

79 (61.7)

<0.01

59 (83.1)

101 (81.5)

0.77

Biological

      

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.8 (4.9)

27.7 (5.5)

<0.01

29.5 (4.3)

27.1 (4.3)

<0.001

Family history of diabetes, n (%)

29 (22.3)

40 (31.3)

0.11

22 (31.0)

30 (24.2)

0.30

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

35.0 (3.5)

35.3 (5.3)

0.63

37.2 (9.5)

35.9 (4.0)

0.26

VO2 max (ml/kg/min)

35.3 (7.9)

33.5 (7.8)

0.07

36.0 (6.7)

38.7 (6.7)

<0.01

Cholesterol ratio (mmol/L)

3.3 (0.9)

3.5 (1.0)

0.10

4.3 (1.4)

3.7 (1.1)

<0.001

Pulse rate (beats per minute)

66.8 (9.6)

68.6 (8.5)

0.12

71.7 (11.8)

66.1 (9.9)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

120.7 (14.9)

121.8 (16.2)

0.58

125.8 (12.4)

126.2 (13.6)

0.83

Behavioural

      

Physical activity energy expenditure (kJ/kg/day)

40.0 (10.9)

35.4 (10.6)

<0.001

52.6 (13.4)

59.6 (16.4)

<0.01

Self-reported physical activity (MET h/day)

11.2 (6.6)

7.8 (5.4)

<0.001

9.4 (5.8)

15.8 (10.2)

<0.001

Current smoker, n (%)

15 (11.5)

14 (10.9)

0.88

16 (22.5)

19 (15.3)

0.21

Consume more than 10 units of alcohol per week, n (%)

28 (21.5)

19 (14.8)

0.54

21 (29.6)

47 (37.9)

0.22

Psychological

      

Self-rated health good, very good, or excellent, n (%)

99 (76.2)

90 (70.3)

0.29

42 (59.2)

104 (83.9)

<0.001

SF-8 physical summary

52.6 (7.3)

51.2 (7.4)

0.15

52.1 (6.3)

53.2 (6.5)

0.26

SF-8 mental summary

50.0 (8.2)

48.1 (8.0)

0.06

48.1 (9.1)

50.9 (8.1)

<0.05

Intention (1 to 5)

3.2 (0.8)

3.6 (0.8)

<0.001

3.5 (1.0)

3.2 (0.9)

<0.05

Perceived adequacy (1 to 5)

3.6 (0.9)

2.8 (0.9)

<0.001

2.5 (0.8)

3.8 (1.0)

<0.001

Subjective norm (1 to 5)

2.8 (0.9)

3.3 (0.9)

<0.001

3.6 (0.9)

2.8 (1.0)

<0.001

Perceived importance (1 to 5)

4.5 (0.5)

4.5 (0.5)

0.48

4.4 (0.5)

4.6 (0.6)

0.07

Response efficacy (1 to 5)

3.7 (0.7)

4.0 (0.5)

<0.001

4.1 (0.5)

3.7 (0.8)

<0.01

Self-efficacy (1 to 5)

3.6 (0.8)

3.8 (0.7)

<0.05

3.8 (0.7)

3.7 (0.7)

0.46

Worry (1 to 4)

2.8 (0.8)

2.9 (0.9)

0.38

2.7 (0.8)

2.8 (1.0)

0.36

Concern (1 to 4)

2.2 (1.0)

2.6 (0.8)

<0.001

2.7 (0.8)

2.2 (1.0)

<0.001

Present orientation (1 to 5)

2.8 (0.8)

2.8 (0.7)

0.86

2.9 (0.8)

2.7 (0.8)

0.30

Future orientation (1 to 5)

3.6 (0.7)

3.3 (0.7)

0.004

3.4 (0.7)

3.4 (0.7)

0.65

  1. Values are means (standard deviations) unless otherwise specified. HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin. VO2 max: maximal oxygen consumption. Cholesterol ratio: total cholesterol divided by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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