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Table 2 Odds ratios from multinomial logistic regression of family income trajectory and early-life risk factors for BMI z-score trajectory classification

From: Changes in family income status and the development of overweight and obesity from 2 to 15 years: a longitudinal study

 

Obese

Become-overweight

Overweight-stable

 

n = 69

n = 92

n = 119

 

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

Unadjusted

Adjusteda

 

OR

CI

OR

CI

OR

CI

OR

CI

OR

CI

OR

CI

Income trajectory

            

  Persistent low-income

2.26

0.87, 5.88

1.38

0.44, 4.33

1.61

0.69, 3.88

1.33

0.53, 3.33

3.00

1.51, 5.98

2.55

1.03, 5.42

  Downwardly-mobile

2.99

1.51, 5.93

2.36

1.12, 5.77

1.22

0.61, 2.43

1.04

0.50, 2.18

0.95

0.48, 1.90

0.82

0.38, 1.79

  Upwardly-mobile

1.62

0.74, 3.52

1.15

0.46, 2.92

0.73

0.33, 1.61

0.59

0.25, 1.39

0.89

0.45, 1.77

0.68

0.31, 1.50

  Not low-income

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

Maternal overweight/obesity

            

  Yes

7.02

3.57, 13.77

8.31

3.80, 18.2

2.85

1.69, 4.78

2.37

1.34, 4.22

1.59

1.00, 2.51

1.79

1.02, 3.14

  No

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

Gestational weight gain

            

  Excessive

1.21

0.67, 2.19

0.49

0.23, 1.05

2.37

1.28, 4.38

2.01

1.01, 4.00

0.82

0.50, 1.35

0.61

0.33, 1.12

  Inadequate

0.56

0.28, 1.40

0.58

0.21, 1.66

1.53

0.70, 3.33

1.47

0.64, 3.37

0.54

0.27, 1.08

0.68

0.31, 1.50

  Adequate

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

Early-life rapid weight gain trajectory

            

  High-rising

7.03

3.05, 16.22

5.42

2.18, 13.44

1.71

0.84, 3.49

1.64

0.77, 3.49

3.32

1.85, 5.96

3.87

2.07, 7.26

  Low-rising

0.77

0.31, 1.95

0.50

0.19, 1.36

1.00

0.54, 1.89

0.90

0.46, 1.77

0.29

0.14, 0.58

0.30

0.15, 0.63

  Stable

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

Smoking during pregnancy b

            

  Yes

2.18

1.18, 4.03

-

-

0.84

0.42, 1.67

-

-

1.37

0.78, 2.39

-

-

  No

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

Breastfeeding duration b

            

  < 2 months

1.59

0.79, 3.20

-

-

1.09

0.59, 2.04

-

-

1.04

0.59, 1.84

-

-

  2 to < 4 months

1.23

0.48, 3.12

-

-

1.19

0.54, 2.64

-

-

0.82

0.38, 1.80

-

-

  4 to < 8 months

0.64

0.25, 1.63

-

-

0.64

0.29, 1.41

-

-

0.81

0.41, 1.57

-

-

  ≥ 8 months

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

1.00

-

  1. Reference category for BMI z-score trajectory is not-overweight (n = 315).
  2. aMulitnomial logistic regression odds ratios are adjusted for multiparious, maternal age, sex of child, birth weight quartile, asthma medication use, ADD medicaiton use, antidepressant medication use, puberty status.
  3. bSmoking during pregnancy was removed from the multivariate model because it was completely mediated by early-life rapid weight gain trajectory; breastfeeding was removed because it was not associated with BMI trajectories.
  4. Bold denotes 95% CI for odds ratios that do not cross 1.