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Table 4 Intervention type, focus, duration and setting

From: Health promotion interventions for increasing stroke awareness in ethnic minorities: a systematic review of the literature

ID

Study

Intervention type

Focus

Duration of intervention

Setting

1

Boden-Albala 2010 [44]

• Two sessions about stroke education

Awareness

2 brief sessions within 3 weeks of stroke/TIA onset

Hospital or home

2

Chan 2008 [45]

• Stroke education program (video)

Awareness

12 minutes

Emergency department

3

Covington 2010 [46]

• PowerPoint presentation

Equal focus

Single, brief session

• Churches

  

• Educational materials to take home

  

• Group homes

  

• Blood pressure screening and referral

  

• Community centers, and community organizations"

4

Dromerick 2011 [47]

• Stroke navigators visiting patients

Equal focus

Advice sessions over one year

Home

5

Duraski 2006 [49]; Duraski 2003 [48]

• Short slide presentation

Equal focus

1 to 2 hours

Community centres and community organizations

  

• Stroke risk assessment screening

  
  

• Advice/discussion.

  

6

Duraski 2007 [50]

• Focus group session

Awareness

30 to 60 minutes

Unknown

  

• Slide presentation

   
  

• Interactive questions/answers

   

7

Frank 2008 [51]

• Cardiovascular diseases and stroke education sessions

Prevention/risk factors

About 2 hours for each intervention

African-American churches

  

• Screening

   
  

• Integration with Bible study, individual counselling, healthy food

   

8

Kalenderian 2009 [53]

• Educational sessions, distribution of educational package to "ambassadors"

Prevention/risk factors

Various, depending on specific interventions

Faith-based institutions, churches

  

• Educational activities by ambassadors in churches, e.g. by brochures, videos, posters.

   

9

Kleindorfer 2008 [54]

• Trained beauticians educated their customers

Awareness

A session at the beauty salon

Beauty salons

  

• Distribution of stroke-related study packets

   

10

Miller 2003 [55]

• Education about knowledge of stroke symptoms and modifiable stroke risk factors.

Equal focus

1-hour initial educational intervention:15’ follow-up

Medical practice (some follow-ups at home).

11

Morgenstern 2007 [56]; Gonzales 2007 [52]; Mullen Conley 2010 [29]

• Lessons to children about stroke signs and symptoms and to improve skills, self-efficacy and behaviour.

Awareness

• Four 50-minute classes each year for three years

School and home

  

• Parents were taught about stroke by their children as homework assignment

 

• homework with parents at home.

 

12

Villablanca 2009 [57]

• Clinical lectures

Prevention/risk factors

12-14 counselling sessions, (only a minority on stroke awareness)

Various faith-based, academic and non-academic sites

  

• Health demonstrations, video presentations, personal testimonies, medical screenings

   

13

Williams 2008 [58]

• "Culturally and age-appropriate music and dance to enhance an interactive didactic curriculum including the FAST mnemonic"

Awareness

1-hour sessions over 3 consecutive days

School

14

Williams 2012 [59]

• Stroke communication intervention

Equal focus

Short (not quantified)

Home

  

• Shared completion of stroke-related homework between children and parents

   

15

Williamson 2009 [60]

• "Educational session

Prevention/risk factors

Interventions over two years

A rural African American church

  

• Health screenings and weight watchers program

   
  

• Integration with faith-based activities

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