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Table 3 Multivariate models with the correlates among male and female CSOs

From: Concerned significant others of people with gambling problems in Finland: a cross-sectional population study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

(n = 1759)

(n = 1866)

(n = 1863)

(n = 2030)

 

Male CSOsa

Male CSOsa

Female CSOsb

Female CSOsb

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Socio-demographic characteristics

        

Age in years

1.00

0.99-1.01

†

†

1.00

0.90-1.01

†

†

Education ≤ 12 years

1.00

0.78-1.28

†

†

1.04

0.78-1.38

†

†

Not married or registered relationship

1.10

0.83-1.47

†

†

1.23

0.93-1.63

†

†

Gambling related correlates

        

Past-year gambling, any type

0.89

0.59-1.34

1.04

0.74-1.50

1.27

0.88-1.84

1.51**

1.09-2.08

3+ game types gambled

1.13

0.86-1.48

†

†

1.38*

1.02-1.86

†

†

Past-year gambling problem1

1.89**

1.14-3.14

2.03**

1.24-3.31

2.40

0.88-6.50

3.05**

1.18-7.90

Onset age for gambling less than 18 years

1.32

0.98-1.77

†

†

1.41*

1.04-1.90

†

†

Perceived health and well-being

        

Bad general health2

1.90

1.00-3.62

†

†

0.95

0.35-2.52

†

†

Mental health problem3

1.61

0.87-2.98

1.60

0.88-2.81

1.83

0.98-3.42

2.21**

1.24-3.93

Loneliness4

1.37

0.99-1.89

1.46**

1.08-1.97

1.39*

1.01-1.91

1.39*

1.03-1.89

Smoking daily

0.90

0.66-1.22

0.93

0.69-1.24

1.85***

1.32-2.57

1.97***

1.43-2.71

Risky alcohol consumption5

1.70***

1.31-2.21

1.78***

1.38-2.29

0.95

0.68-1.33

0.99

0.71-1.37

Nagelkerke

0.052

 

0.042

 

0.057

 

0.049

 
  1. Binary logistic regression analysis; a Reference group: male non-CSOs; b Reference group: female non-CSOs; 1the South Oaks Gambling Screen [23, 24]; 2Bad or somewhat bad general health; 3MHI-5, the Mental Health Inventory, scaled 1–100, clinically significant problem ≤ 52; 4feeling sometimes, often or all the time lonely, 5The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), score for risk consumption ≥ 5 among females and ≥ 6 among males; * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001; †, not included; the data (N = 4484; males n = 2117, females n = 2367) were weighted based on gender, age and residency.