Table 1 Participant characteristics by site and sex – mean ± SD
| Â | Ghana | South Africa | Jamaica | Seychelles | United States |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Men | ||||
Sample size | 207 | 236 | 249 | 230 | 245 |
Age (y) | 34.6 ± 6.7 | 33.7 ± 5.6 | 34.0 ± 5.9 | 36.5 ± 5.1 | 35.6 ± 6.2 |
Weight (kg) | 63.6 ± 9.1 | 65.6 ± 13.6 | 73.1 ± 15.0 | 80.1 ± 16.0 | 92.8 ± 24.8 |
Height (cm) | 169.0 ± 6.6 | 170.9 ± 6.3 | 176.0 ± 6.7 | 173.9 ± 6.2 | 176.6 ± 6.6 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.7 | 22.4 ± 4.3 | 23.6 ± 4.5 | 26.5 ± 4.9 | 29.7 ± 7.5 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 77.1 ± 10.5 | 80.9 ± 11.5 | 80.3 ± 12.1 | 89.4 ± 11.8 | 97.1 ± 21.5 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 91.8 ± 10.9 | 94.6 ± 8.4 | 95.1 ± 9.3 | 102.8 ± 9.6 | 109.2 ± 15.9 |
Fat Mass (kg) | 10.6 ± 5.3 | 15.0 ± 8.3 | 15.7 ± 9.2 | 20.6 ± 10.0 | 29.5 ± 16.6 |
Body Fat (%) | 16.0 ± 6.0 | 21.7 ± 6.9 | 20.1 ± 7.4 | 24.5 ± 7.8 | 29.7 ± 9.0 |
Overweight, BMI ≥25 < 30 (%) | 13.5 | 14.8 | 20.1 | 37.4 | 30.6 |
Obesity, BMI ≥30 (%) | 1.4 | 5.5 | 9.6 | 20.9 | 40.4 |
Education (y) | 9.2 ± 3.8 | 9.5 ± 2.6 | 10.6 ± 2.1 | 13.1 ± 2.4 | 12.7 ± 1.6 |
Employed (%) | 98.6 | 91.4 | 90.8 | 97.8 | 85.2 |
Manual Laborer (%) | 60.9 | 90.4 | 61.8 | 54.4 | 67.1 |
| Â | Women | ||||
Sample size | 293 | 268 | 251 | 270 | 257 |
Age (y) | 34.0 ± 6.6 | 33.1 ± 6.0 | 34.7 ± 6.2 | 35.8 ± 6.0 | 35.0 ± 6.3 |
Weight (kg) | 63.6 ± 13.1 | 82.0 ± 22.3 | 78.5 ± 18.6 | 72.1 ± 17.3 | 91.7 ± 24.4 |
Height (cm) | 158.0 ± 5.7 | 160.1 ± 6.3 | 163.2 ± 6.6 | 161.4 ± 6.5 | 164.0 ± 6.2 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 5.2 | 31.9 ± 8.2 | 29.5 ± 6.7 | 27.6 ± 6.2 | 34.1 ± 8.8 |
Waist Circumference (cm) | 84.2 ± 12.5 | 96.9 ± 16.6 | 92.0 ± 13.8 | 87.9 ± 12.4 | 101.9 ± 19.6 |
Hip Circumference (cm) | 100.2 ± 13.2 | 114.2 ± 15.6 | 107.9 ± 11.6 | 104.4 ± 12.4 | 117.0 ± 16.0 |
Fat Mass (kg) | 22.8 ± 8.5 | 36.8 ± 14.8 | 32.1 ± 12.1 | 28.1 ± 11.2 | 42.3 ± 16.4 |
Body Fat (%) | 34.8 ± 6.1 | 43.4 ± 6.6 | 39.7 ± 6.1 | 37.8 ± 6.7 | 44.6 ± 6.5 |
Overweight, BMI ≥25 < 30 (%) | 32.4 | 22.4 | 26.7 | 30.0 | 21.4 |
Obesity, BMI ≥30 (%) | 15.7 | 55.6 | 45.4 | 31.1 | 63.8 |
Education (y) | 7.5 ± 4.1 | 10.0 ± 2.1 | 10.7 ± 2.0 | 13.0 ± ±2.5 | 13.8 ± 2.6 |
Employed (%) | 89.4 | 81.7 | 72.1 | 95.6 | 83.7 |
Manual Laborer (%) | 90.4 | 89.3 | 68.8 | 26.4 | 28.9 |