|
Active ingredient
|
Chemical group
|
WHO Class
|
Frequency (n = 121)
|
Percentage (%)
|
|---|
|
Copper
|
Inorganic
|
III
|
68
|
56.2
|
|
Endosulfan
|
Organochlorine
|
II
|
66
|
54.5
|
|
Mancozeb
|
Dithiocarbamate
|
U
|
65
|
53.7
|
|
Profenofos
|
Organophosphate
|
II
|
60
|
49.6
|
|
Chlorpyrifos
|
Organophosphate
|
II
|
50
|
41.3
|
|
Lambda Cyhalothrin
|
Pyrethroids
|
II
|
25
|
20.7
|
|
Abamectin
|
Ivamectins
|
IV (EPA)*
|
23
|
19.0
|
|
Others (Unclassified)
|
-
|
-
|
21
|
17.4
|
|
Cypermethrin
|
Pyrethroids
|
II
|
16
|
13.2
|
|
Unknown
|
-
|
-
|
14
|
11.6
|
|
Triadimefon
|
Triazole
|
III
|
13
|
10.7
|
|
Propineb
|
Dithiocarbamate
|
U
|
13
|
10.7
|
|
Metalaxyl
|
Phenylamide
|
III
|
11
|
9.1
|
|
Chlorothalonil
|
Chloronitrile
|
U
|
10
|
8.3
|
|
Dimethoate
|
Organophosphate
|
II
|
10
|
8.3
|
|
Deltamethrin
|
Pyrethroids
|
II
|
9
|
7.4
|
|
Fenitrothion
|
Organophosphate
|
II
|
6
|
5.0
|
|
Dip
|
-
|
-
|
5
|
4.1
|
|
Others**
| | |
9
|
7.4
|
- WHO Class Ia: Extremely hazardous, Ib: Highly hazardous.
- II: Moderately hazardous, III: Slightly hazardous.
- IV: Unlikely to present acute hazard under normal use condition.
- *EPA – Environmental Protection Agency.
- **Pirimiphos methyl (n = 3), Sulphur (n = 2), Novaluron (n = 2) and Amitraz (n = 2).
