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Table 2 Products reported as used by coffee and vegetable farmers in Arumeru district

From: Farmers' knowledge, practices and injuries associated with pesticide exposure in rural farming villages in Tanzania

Active ingredient

Chemical group

WHO Class

Frequency (n = 121)

Percentage (%)

Copper

Inorganic

III

68

56.2

Endosulfan

Organochlorine

II

66

54.5

Mancozeb

Dithiocarbamate

U

65

53.7

Profenofos

Organophosphate

II

60

49.6

Chlorpyrifos

Organophosphate

II

50

41.3

Lambda Cyhalothrin

Pyrethroids

II

25

20.7

Abamectin

Ivamectins

IV (EPA)*

23

19.0

Others (Unclassified)

-

-

21

17.4

Cypermethrin

Pyrethroids

II

16

13.2

Unknown

-

-

14

11.6

Triadimefon

Triazole

III

13

10.7

Propineb

Dithiocarbamate

U

13

10.7

Metalaxyl

Phenylamide

III

11

9.1

Chlorothalonil

Chloronitrile

U

10

8.3

Dimethoate

Organophosphate

II

10

8.3

Deltamethrin

Pyrethroids

II

9

7.4

Fenitrothion

Organophosphate

II

6

5.0

Dip

-

-

5

4.1

Others**

  

9

7.4

  1. WHO Class Ia: Extremely hazardous, Ib: Highly hazardous.
  2. II: Moderately hazardous, III: Slightly hazardous.
  3. IV: Unlikely to present acute hazard under normal use condition.
  4. *EPA – Environmental Protection Agency.
  5. **Pirimiphos methyl (n = 3), Sulphur (n = 2), Novaluron (n = 2) and Amitraz (n = 2).