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Table 4 Relationship between snacking patterns and weight by adults ≥19 years of age

From: Snacking patterns, diet quality, and cardiovascular risk factors in adults

 

Weight status1

Snacking pattern

BMI LSM (SE)

Waist circumference, cm LSM (SE)

Miscellaneous snacks (n = 3230)

28.39 (0.19)

97.10 (0.47)

No snacks (n = 2853)

28.54 (0.18)

97.66 (0.48)

Cakes/Cookies/Pastries (n = 2180)

28.23 (0.16)

97.66 (0.48)

Sweets (n = 1495)

28.20 (0.23)

96.80 (0.43)

Vegetables/Legumes (n = 1524)

28.34 (0.26)

96.92 (0.60)

Alcohol (n = 1572)

27.74 (0.20)§

97.12 (0.63)

Milk desserts (n = 1355)

28.30 (0.24)

95.72 (0.49)§

Crackers/Salty snacks (n = 1293)

28.49 (0.21)

97.91 (0.49)

Soft drinks (n = 1088)

28.45 (0.25)

97.78 (0.65)

Other grains (n = 1190)

28.24 (0.29)

97.20 (0.63)

Whole fruit (n = 913)

28.38 (0.38)

96.89 (0.77)

Coffee/Tea (n = 295)

29.18 (0.68)

98.24 (1.26)

  1. 1Covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, current smoking status, alcohol intake, and physical activity.
  2. §Statistically different from No Snacks with the Bonferroni correction effective p ≤ 0.0042.