Figure 2

Snacking patterns and overall diet quality (HEI-2005) for adults ≥ 19 years of age. Covariates: Age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio grouped into three categories as (<1.25, 1.25-3.49, and >3.49), current smoking status yes/no) (adults only), physical activity level (sedentary, moderate and vigorous), alcohol intake (g/d). Note that energy was not used as a covariate since the HEI score itself is controlled for energy. *Significantly different from no snacking (pattern 2); Bonferroni correction p ≤ 0.0042.