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Table 4 Differences by age a in food intakes according to gender estimated using mean polish process b

From: Descriptive epidemiological study of food intake among Japanese adults: analyses by age, time and birth cohort model

  

Men

Women

Age group (years)

 

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

Ricec

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-4.0

-3.6

-0.9

-1.6

0.0

1.2

3.5

6.3

17.6

Wheat

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-2.3

-2.2

-6.2

-6.4

0.0

-5.6

-9.3

-12.6

-14.8

Potatoes

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-1.0

-1.1

0.1

4.1

0.0

2.0

5.8

9.1

11.8

Green yellow vegetables

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

6.5

2.0

8.1

14.3

0.0

3.8

8.6

16.1

16.3

Other vegetables

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

2.2

3.9

13.4

23.2

0.0

8.3

10.8

15.6

14.4

Fruits

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-3.4

3.2

15.3

29.5

0.0

24.5

45.6

53.7

47.5

Milk, Dairy products

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-6.9

-0.9

-7.6

11.2

0.0

-2.6

2.0

5.4

-3.3

Meat

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-3.3

-9.3

-13.5

-22.2

0.0

-3.5

-11.6

-15.0

-18.3

Fish

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

5.4

11.2

17.2

21.0

0.0

10.5

14.5

17.3

16.6

Egg

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-0.2

-0.8

-0.3

-0.1

0.0

-0.7

-2.7

-2.9

-0.6

Beans

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

2.4

5.0

14.8

15.9

0.0

2.3

9.3

14.0

13.7

Confectionery

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-1.5

-0.5

-2.3

0.7

0.0

1.3

1.6

1.7

1.7

Sugar

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

0.5

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.0

0.7

1.1

1.2

1.6

Fats and Oils

(g/ 4,186 kJ/day)

0.0

-0.4

-1.4

-1.9

-3.5

0.0

-0.3

-1.1

-2.5

-3.3

  1. Difference by age in food intakes according to gender are shown using National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 1989, 1999 and 2009.
  2. aMinus symbol "-" means negative values. Positive values indicate greater consumption in the particular age group compared to theoretical values for the 20-29-year age group in any generation or at any time point.
  3. bA statistical model symbolically represented by: Rij = ai + tj + c(k) [23] where Rij (food intake) is modeled by the sum of the effects of the ith age group (i = 1 to 5, representing age groups from 20-29 to 60-69) represented by ai, the effects of the jth time period (1989 or 1999 or 2009 survey) represented by tj, and the effects of the kth cohort (birth at 1930-1939, 1940-1949, 1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970-1979) represented by c(k). A c(k) value greater than zero indicates higher than additive influence and less than zero indicates lower than additive influence from age/time effects on food intake.
  4. cRice intake presented for 2009 was calculated as the half of that reported in 2009 NHNS-J.