Are psychosocial stressors associated with the relationship of alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality?

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Age- and survey- and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for alcohol consumption in men and women (n = 11,282 after exclusion of ill persons at baseline)

	Number of person-years	Number of deaths	Crude death rate/1,000 person-years	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
				Age- and survey- adjusted	Multivariable- adjusted²	Multivariable- adjusted³	Multivariable- adjusted⁴
				HR (95% CI)¹	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Men (n=5,540)
1: 0 g/d	9,596	105/850	10.9	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
2: > 0–39.9 g/d	33,703	262/2,833	7.8	0.68 (0.54-0.85)	0.71 (0.56-0.90)	0.73 (0.57-0.93)	0.74 (0.58, 0.94)
3: ≥ 40 g/d	23,406	250/1,857	10.7	0.99 (0.79-1.24)	0.94 (0.75-1.20)	1.11 (0.87-1.42)	1.03 (0.80, 1.32)
p-value	-	-	-	<0.0001	0.0010	<0.0001	0.0019
Women (n=5,742)
1: 0 g/d	28,722	159/2,401	5.5	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
2: > 0–19.9 g/d	27,790	106/2,230	3.8	0.80 (0.62-1.02)	0.87 (0.68-1.12)	0.81 (0.61-1.07)	0.87 (0.66, 1.16)
3: ≥ 20 g/d	14,306	55/1,111	3.8	0.87 (0.64-1.18)	0.92 (0.67-1.26)	0.86 (0.60-1.22)	0.90 (0.63, 1.29)
p-value	-	-	-	0.1886	0.5541	0.3082	0.6119

¹HR hazard ratio; CI confidence interval.
²‘Lifestyle/clinical model’: Adjusted for age, survey, regular smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, actual hypertension and dyslipidemia.
³‘Psychosocial stressors model’: Adjusted for age, survey, low educational level, not employed, low social network, living alone, high job strain, low self- perceived health, depressed mood and high level of somatic complaints.
⁴‘Full model’: Adjusted for age, survey, regular smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, actual hypertension, dyslipidemia, low educational level, not employed, low social network, living alone, high job strain, low self- perceived health, depressed mood and high level of somatic complaints.

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