Table 1 Factors associated with having an HIV test within 12 months of the survey date among YMSM in New Zealand 2006, 2008, 2011 based on univariate analyses
n | Recent test % | Univariate OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (16-29 years old) | ||||
OR for each per year increase in age | - | - | 1.06 (1.03-1.08) | *** |
Recruitment site | ||||
Fair day | 896 | 46.8 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Gay bars | 120 | 49.2 | 1.15 (0.78 – 1.68) | |
Sex-on-site venues | 76 | 54.0 | 1.40 (0.88 – 2.25) | |
Internet dating sites | 2260 | 36.2 | 0.65 (0.56 -0.76) | *** |
Identity | ||||
Gay | 2345 | 44.3 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Bisexual | 804 | 28.9 | 0.51 (0.43 – 0.60) | *** |
Other | 192 | 33.9 | 0.66 (0.48 – 0.90) | ** |
Ethnicity | ||||
European/Pākehāa | 2277 | 40.7 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Māori | 398 | 39.2 | 0.92 (0.74 – 1.15) | |
Pacific | 144 | 30.6 | 0.63 (0.44 – 0.91) | * |
Asian | 307 | 38.4 | 0.87 (0.68 – 1.12) | |
Other | 197 | 44.7 | 1.13 (0.84 – 1.52) | |
Education | ||||
Less than tertiary | 2180 | 37.3 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
At least some tertiary | 1140 | 45.0 | 1.37 (1.19 – 1.59) | *** |
Time spent with other gay men | ||||
Little or none | 1443 | 31.3 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Some or a lot | 1858 | 46.7 | 1.97 (1.70 – 2.28) | *** |
Sexual behavior in last six months | ||||
Sex with woman | ||||
Yes | 592 | 31.9 | 0.66 (0.55 – 0.80) | *** |
No | 2743 | 41.6 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Sex with a man | ||||
Yes | 3015 | 42.7 | 4.20 (3.08 – 5.71) | *** |
No | 333 | 15.3 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Number of male sex partners | ||||
0 | 319 | 15.1 | 0.36 (0.25 – 0.50) | *** |
1 | 670 | 32.7 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
2-5 | 1362 | 41.4 | 1.46 (1.20 – 1.78) | *** |
6-10 | 443 | 45.8 | 1.75 (1.36 – 2.24) | *** |
11-20 | 260 | 60.4 | 3.23 (2.40 – 4.35) | *** |
>20 | 241 | 51.5 | 2.24 (1.66 – 3.03) | *** |
Number of regular partners | ||||
0 | 618 | 36.3 | 0.78 (0.64 – 0.96) | * |
1 | 1288 | 41.9 | 1.00 (Ref.) | |
2 | 557 | 47.4 | 1.25 (1.02 – 1.53) | * |
3-4 | 327 | 47.7 | 1.26 (0.99 – 1.61) | |
5+ | 189 | 46.0 | 1.17 (0.93 – 1.59) | |
Regular partner, current status | ||||
Yes, have a current regular partner | 1402 | 47.7 | 1.75 (1.52 – 2.02) | *** |
No, do not have a current regular partner | 1888 | 34.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Current regular partner, type | ||||
Boyfriend-type partner | 801 | 48.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Fuckbuddy-type partner | 568 | 46.5 | 0.91 (0.74 – 1.13) | |
Current regular partner, relationship length | ||||
<6 months | 558 | 48.8 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
6 months – 1 year | 256 | 57.4 | 1.43 (1.06 – 1.93) | * |
>1 – 2 years | 300 | 46.3 | 0.90 (0.68 – 1.20) | |
3 or more years | 266 | 38.0 | 0.65 (0.48 – 0.87) | ** |
Current regular partner, anal modality | ||||
Receptive only | 276 | 47.5 | 0.79 (0.60 – 1.04) | |
Insertive only | 223 | 43.1 | 0.67 (0.50 – 0.91) | * |
Both insertive and receptive | 745 | 52.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Current regular partner, condom use | ||||
Have a current regular partner, but no anal intercourse | 142 | 34.5 | 0.59 (0.40 – 0.87) | * |
Lowb condom use | 502 | 47.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Mediumc condom use | 155 | 57.4 | 1.49 (1.04 – 2.15) | * |
Highd condom use | 573 | 49.4 | 1.07 (0.84 – 1.36) | |
Casual partner, any sex | ||||
Yes | 2342 | 44.7 | 1.96 (1.67 – 2.32) | *** |
No | 917 | 28.9 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Casual partner, anal modality | ||||
Receptive only | 404 | 43.6 | 0.76 (0.60 – 0.96) | * |
Insertive only | 426 | 42.4 | 0.73 (0.58 – 0.91) | ** |
Both insertive and receptive | 1040 | 50.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Casual partner, condom use | ||||
Casual partners, but no anal intercourse | 454 | 33.9 | 0.95 (0.68 – 1.33) | |
Lowb condom use | 227 | 35.2 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Mediumc condom use | 269 | 42.8 | 1.34 (0.93 – 1.94) | |
Highd condom use | 1386 | 50.1 | 1.82 (1.36 – 2.44) | *** |
Knowledge and attitudes | ||||
“HIV cannot pass through anundamaged latex condom” | ||||
Knew that | 2442 | 42.1 | 1.44 (1.23 – 1.69) | *** |
Wasn’t sure/didn’t know | 894 | 33.9 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
“HIV/AIDS is a less serious threat than it used to be because of new treatments” | ||||
Agree | 673 | 36.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Disagree | 2659 | 40.8 | 1.26 (1.05 – 1.50) | * |
“A man who knows he has HIV would tell me he was positive before we had sex” | ||||
Agree | 1500 | 35.5 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Disagree | 1819 | 43.8 | 1.43 (1.25 – 1.65) | *** |
“I would sometimes rather risk HIV transmission than use a condom during anal sex” | ||||
Agree | 445 | 39.6 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Disagree | 2869 | 40.2 | 1.04 (0.85 – 1.27) | |
“Condoms are OK as part of sex” | ||||
Agree | 3159 | 40.4 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Disagree | 173 | 32.4 | 0.72 (0.52 – 1.00) | |
“I don’t like wearing condoms because they reduce sensitivity” | ||||
Agree | 1219 | 40.0 | 1.00 (ref.) | |
Disagree | 2086 | 40.0 | 1.01 (0.87 – 1.16) |