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Table 4 Hierarchical multivariate-adjusted associations of very short, short, and long sleep with overweight/obesity

From: Associations between inadequate sleep and obesity in the US adult population: analysis of the national health interview survey (1977–2009)

Characteristics

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

 

Overweight

Obesity

Overweight

Obesity

Overweight

Obesity

Sleep measures

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Reference (7–8 hours)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Very short sleep

1.26 (1.14, 1.38)*

2.05 (1.85, 2.26)*

1.29 (1.16, 1.43)*

1.93 (1.73, 2.16)*

1.30 (1.16, 1.47)*

1.95 (1.73, 2.20)*

Short sleep

1.17 (1.14, 1.20)*

1.51 (1.46, 1.56)*

1.19 (1.15, 1.23)*

1.52 (1.46, 1.58)*

1.20 (1.15, 1.24)*

1.53 (1.47, 1.60)*

Long sleep

1.03 (0.98, 1.08)

1.30 (1.23, 1.37)*

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)*

1.23 (1.15, 1.31)*

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

1.24 (1.16, 1.33)*

Characteristics

Model 4 d

Model 5 e

Model 6 f

 

Overweight

Obesity

Overweight

Obesity

Overweight

Obesity

Sleep measures

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Reference (7–8 hours)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Very short sleep

1.25 (1.11, 1.41)*

1.72 (1.53, 1.95)*

1.34 (1.18, 1.53)*

1.91 (1.68, 2.18)*

1.36 (1.19, 1.55)*

1.99 (1.75, 2.27)*

Short sleep

1.18 (1.14, 1.23)*

1.48 (1.42, 1.55)*

1.17 (1.12, 1.22)*

1.51 (1.44, 1.58)*

1.18 (1.13, 1.23)*

1.51 (1.45, 1.58)*

Long sleep

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

1.16 (1.08, 1.25)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)

1.20 (1.11, 1.29)*

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

1.24 (1.15, 1.34)*

Characteristics

Model 7 g

Model 8 h

  
 

Overweight

Obesity

Overweight

Obesity

  

Sleep measures

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

  

Reference (7–8 hours)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Very short sleep

1.30 (1.15, 1.46)*

1.94 (1.72, 2.19)*

1.23 (1.08, 1.40)*

1.59 (1.40, 1.81)*

  

Short sleep

1.20 (1.15, 1.24)*

1.53 (1.47, 1.60)*

1.14 (1.09, 1.19)*

1.42 (1.36, 1.49)*

  

Long sleep

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

1.24 (1.15 1.33)*

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

1.12 (1.03, 1.21)

  
  1. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio; *P < 0.05.
  2. a Model 1: age-sex-adjusted independent associations of inadequate sleep (short and long) with obesity.
  3. b Model 2: Model 1 plus demographic factors.
  4. c Model 3: Model 2 plus smoking and alcohol consumption.
  5. d Model 4: Model 3 plus hypertension.
  6. e Model 5: Model 3 plus diabetes.
  7. f Model 6: Model 3 plus and coronary heart disease/myocardial infarction.
  8. g Model 7: Model 3 plus stroke.
  9. h Model 8: Parsimonious Model (covariates adjusted in the model included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, total family income, smoking status, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension).
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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