Table 3 Trends over time in public perceptions and behaviors regarding Q fever in the Netherlands (2009, 2010, and 2012)
Survey 1 | Survey 2 | Survey 3 | Trends over time | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
August 2009: baseline (n = 1347) | April 2010: first follow-up (n = 1249) | April 2012: second follow-up (n = 1030)a | Survey 1 versus 2 | Survey 2 versus 3 | ||||
High score (%)b | Mean | High score (%)b | Mean | High score (%)b | Mean | p-valuec | p-valuec | |
Knowlegde | ||||||||
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.6 | 33 | 2.73 | 59 | 3.80 | 49 | 3.42 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (−) |
Perceived severity [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. “Q fever is a severe disease” | 57 | 3.53 | 73 | 3.79 | 78 | 3.89 | <0.001 (+) | 0.04 (+) |
2. “Q fever is very harmful for my health” | 53 | 3.45 | 63 | 3.65 | 67 | 3.73 | <0.001 (+) | ns |
3. Severity of getting Q fever coming year | 57 | 3.67 | 70 | 3.94 | 77 | 4.08 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.7 | -- | 3.55 | -- | 3.79 | -- | 3.90 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
Perceived vulnerability [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. Perceived susceptibility for oneself | 11 | 2.63 | 14 | 2.67 | 14 | 2.67 | ns | ns |
2. Perceived chance of getting infected coming year | 2 | 2.22 | 3 | 2.20 | 1 | 2.03 | ns | <0.001 (−) |
Perceived anxiety [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. Worried about Q fever | 5 | 2.17 | 8 | 2.36 | 6 | 2.16 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (−) |
2. Fear for Q fever | 3 | 2.11 | 5 | 2.23 | 4 | 2.12 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (−) |
3. Thinking of Q fever | 1 | 1.74 | 1 | 1.98 | 1 | 1.66 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (−) |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | -- | 2.01 | -- | 2.19 | -- | 1.98 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (−) |
Perceived efficacy [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 60 | 3.57 | 50 | 3.31 | 51 | 3.34 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 64 | 3.64 | 75 | 3.92 | 80 | 4.10 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 81 | 4.13 | 85 | 4.25 | 84 | 4.28 | <0.001 (+) | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 57 | 3.57 | 60 | 3.65 | 66 | 3.84 | 0.04 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
5. Wear face mask | 24 | 2.65 | 30 | 2.85 | 45 | 3.29 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 17 | 2.21 | 31 | 2.61 | 42 | 3.14 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 59 | 3.57 | 55 | 3.46 | 51 | 3.42 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
8. Take antibiotics | 34 | 3.01 | 32 | 2.93 | 36 | 3.11 | 0.047 (−) | <0.001 (+) |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.7 | -- | 3.29 | -- | 3.37 | -- | 3.56 | <0.001 (+) | <0.001 (+) |
Perceived self-efficacyd [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 88 | 4.32 | 84 | 4.22 | 82 | 4.21 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 65 | 3.72 | 67 | 3.77 | 66 | 3.77 | ns | ns |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 83 | 4.26 | 85 | 4.26 | 83 | 4.22 | ns | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 71 | 3.94 | 71 | 3.95 | 70 | 3.92 | ns | ns |
5. Wear face mask | 40 | 3.15 | 40 | 3.08 | 42 | 3.15 | 0.04 (−) | ns |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 9 | 1.86 | 12 | 1.99 | 13 | 2.10 | 0.001 (+) | 0.005 (+) |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 81 | 4.20 | 76 | 4.05 | 75 | 4.03 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
8. Take antibiotics | 73 | 3.98 | 67 | 3.81 | 71 | 3.90 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | -- | 3.68 | -- | 3.64 | -- | 3.66 | 0.02 (−) | ns |
Intentiond [scale 1–5] | ||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 86 | 4.33 | 81 | 4.17 | 80 | 4.15 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 70 | 3.86 | 69 | 3.82 | 72 | 3.93 | ns | 0.01 (+) |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 84 | 4.29 | 83 | 4.24 | 82 | 4.22 | 0.03 (−) | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 70 | 3.97 | 70 | 3.93 | 71 | 3.95 | ns | ns |
5. Wear face mask | 40 | 3.10 | 36 | 3.00 | 39 | 3.10 | 0.003 (−) | 0.04 (+) |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 8 | 1.79 | 11 | 1.92 | 11 | 2.04 | <0.001 (+) | 0.003 (+) |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 79 | 4.17 | 73 | 3.98 | 68 | 3.89 | <0.001 (−) | <0.001 (−) |
8. Take antibiotics | 68 | 3.90 | 63 | 3.71 | 61 | 3.71 | <0.001 (−) | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | -- | 3.68 | -- | 3.60 | -- | 3.62 | <0.001 (−) | ns |