The impact of petrochemical industrialisation on life expectancy and per capita income in Taiwan: an 11-year longitudinal study

Table 3 Differences of Life expectancies between the industrialized county and the reference county at all four stages

Period	All	Male	Female
	Difference Mean	( SD)	p-value	Difference Mean	( SD)	p-value	Difference Mean	( SD)	p-value
Life expectancy at birth
Pre-industrialisation	0.79*	(0.24)	0.02	0.83*	(0.25)	0.02	0.85*	(0.25)	0.01
Short-term industrialisation	0.92	(0.45)	0.07	1.43*	(0.49)	0.02	0.27	(0.39)	0.45
Intermittent industrialisation	1.37**	(0.18)	<0.01	1.88***	(0.10)	<.0001	0.66	(0.35)	0.08
Long-term industrialisation	1.49*	(0.33)	0.01	1.93*	(0.35)	<0.01	0.76*	(0.30)	0.03
Life expectancy at age 5
Pre-industrialisation	0.89*	(0.89)	0.02	1.01*	(0.27)	0.01	0.84*	(0.27)	0.02
Short-term industrialisation	0.99*	(0.39)	0.03	1.51*	(0.41)	0.01	0.33	(0.36)	0.33
Intermittent industrialisation	1.47**	(0.24)	<0.01	2.04***	(0.14)	<.0001	0.68	(0.41)	0.11
Long-term industrialisation	1.62**	(0.29)	<0.01	2.13**	(0.29)	<0.01	0.81**	(0.28)	0.02
Life expectancy at age 65
Pre-industrialisation	0.61*	(0.22)	0.03	0.85**	(0.18)	<0.01	0.75*	(0.27)	0.03
Short-term industrialisation	0.42	(0.24)	0.10	0.84*	(0.25)	0.01	0.30	(0.25)	0.21
Intermittent industrialisation	0.77*	(0.26)	0.02	1.16**	(0.19)	<0.01	0.68*	(0.33)	0.07
Long-term industrialisation	0.86**	(0.18)	<0.01	1.33**	(0.14)	<0.01	0.62*	(0.21)	0.02

Note. Pre-industrialisation (1996–1998); Short-term industrialisation (1999–2001); Intermittent industrialisation (2002–2004); Long-term industrialisation (2005–2007).
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

ISSN: 1471-2458