From: Residential characteristics as correlates of occupants’ health in the greater Accra region, Ghana
Variable | Self-rated occupant’s health | Unadjusted OR, 95% CI | P = Value | Multivariable analysis (R 2 = 33.8) Adjusted ORs (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good health n(%) | Poor heath n(%) | ||||
Sex | |||||
Male | 245(96.8) | 8(3.2) | 1 | 1 | |
Female | 229(92.7) | 18(7.3) | 2.41 [1.03-5.64] | 0.044 | 2.98 [1.06-8.35] |
Employment status | |||||
Formal | 188(97.9) | 4(2.1) | 1 | 1 | |
Informal | 285(92.9) | 22(7.1) | 3.62 [1.23-10.66] | 0.013 | 0.79 [0.63-0.99] |
Income | |||||
High | 100(99.0) | 1(1.0) | 1 | 1 | |
Low | 374(93.7) | 25(6.3) | 6.68 [0.90-49.93] | 0.041 | [not included] |
# of windows per bedroom | |||||
2 or more | 393(96.3) | 15(3.7) | 1 | 1 | |
< 2 windows | 81(88.0) | 11(12.0) | 3.56 [1.58-8.03] | 0.03 | 1.33[0.90-1.96] |
House wall material | |||||
Cement | 367[95.1] | 19[4.9] | 1 | 1 | |
Non-cement | 107[93.9] | 7[6.1] | 1.26 [0.52-3.09] | 0.63 | [not included] |
Odour present | |||||
No | 370(96.1 | 15(3.9) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 104(90.4) | 11(9.6) | 2.61 [1.16-5.85] | 0.028 | 2.67 [0.68-10.43] |
Stale air present | |||||
No | 378(96.7) | 13(3.3) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 96(88.1) | 13(11.9) | 3.94 [1.77-8.77] | 0.001 | 3.89 [0.91-10.45] |
Has privacy 1 in the house | |||||
Yes | 403(97.3) | 11(2.7) | 1 | 1 | |
No | 71(82.6) | 15(17.4) | 7.74 [3.41-17.54] | <0.001 | 8.16 [2.86-23.26] |
Location | |||||
Outside Accra | 89(89.0) | 11(11.0) | 1 | 1 | |
Within Accra | 385(96.3) | 15(3.7) | 0.32 [0.14-0.71] | 0.009 | 0.14 [0.04-0.53] |
Shares toilet facility | |||||
No | 263(96.7) | 9(3.3) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 211(92.5) | 17(7.5) | 2.35 [1.03-5.39] | 0.044 | 1.55 [0.44-5.44] |
Hand washing facility | |||||
Present | 226(97.0) | 7(3.0) | 1 | 1 | |
Absent | 248(92.9) | 19(7.1) | 2.47 [1.02-5.99] | 0.044 | 1.03 [0.36-2.91] |
Type of house | |||||
Self-contained* | 303(96.5) | 11(3.5) | 1 | 1 | |
Not self-contained/other | 171(91.9) | 15(8.1) | 2.42 [1.09-5.38] | 0.036 | 0.804 [0.25-2.57] |
House needs repair | |||||
No | 277(98.2) | 5(1.8) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 197(90.4) | 21(9.6) | 5.91 [2.19-15.91] | <0.001 | 1.877 [0.68-5.91] |