Table 5 Factors associated with intimate partner violence exposure in the previous year in female patients

Female gender

-

-

Marital status

  Married or living in intimate partnership

172 (71.1)

38 (82.6)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  Widowed

38 (15.7)

4 (8.7)

0.48 (0.16–1.42)

0.182

0.60 (0.08–4.31)

0.613

  Single

32 (13.2)

4 (8.7)

0.57 (0.19–1.70)

0.309

0.40 (0.05–3.02)

0.373

Divorce in the past

50 (20.7)

12 (26.1)

1.36 (0.65–2.81)

0.413

1.06 (0.31–3.56)

0.929

Living in urban setting

217 (89.7)

41 (89.1)

0.95 (0.34–2.61)

0.913

0.84 (0.22–3.24)

0.805

Employment status

  Regularly employed

151 (62.4)

20 (43.5)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  Retired

63 (26.0)

12 (26.1)

1.44 (0.66–3.12)

0.357

1.71 (0.41–7.07)

0.458

  Unemployed or working part time

28 (11.6)

14 (30.4)

3.78 (1.71–8.34)

0.001

7.82 (2.20–27.85)

0.002

Level of education

  Elementary school

27 (11.2)

4 (8.7)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  High school

103 (42.6)

20 (43.5)

1.31 (0.41–4.16)

0.646

1.55 (0.31–7.69)

0.593

  College degree or more

112 (46.3)

22 (47.8)

1.33 (0.42–4.17)

0.629

2.02 (0.38–10.80)

0.411

Below-average monthly income per family member

137 (56.6)

29 (63.0)

1.31 (0.68–2.51)

0.419

1.34 (0.47–3.87)

0.587

Financial support provided by state

62 (25.6)

11 (23.9)

0.91 (0.44–1.91)

0.807

1.13 (0.37–3.51)

0.829

The length of intimate relationship ≥6 years

142 (58.7)

35 (76.1)

2.24 (1.09–4.62)

0.029

2.75 (0.63–12.08)

0.181

Alcohol or drug consumption in the family

65 (26.9)

22 (47.8)

2.50 (1.31–4.76)

0.005

2.33 (0.92–5.94)

0.075

Age

  35 years or less

79 (32.6)

11 (23.9)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  36–64 years

125 (51.7)

28 (60.9)

1.61 (0.76–3.41)

0.215

1.32 (0.36–4.87)

0.673

  65 years or more

38 (15.7)

7 (15.2)

1.32 (0.48–3.68)

0.592

1.06 (0.13–8.51)

0.956

Parenting

  No

60 (24.8)

8 (17.4)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  One child

67 (27.7)

17 (37.0)

1.90 (0.77–4.73)

0.166

0.80 (0.16–4.01)

0.785

  Two children or more

115 (47.5)

21 (45.7)

1.37 (0.57–3.28)

0.480

0.51 (0.10–2.64)

0.425

Older intimate partner

101 (41.7)

22 (47.8)

1.28 (0.68–2.41)

0.445

1.35 (0.53–3.46)

0.532

Patient’s MCR: personality disorders

13 (5.4)

5 (10.9)

2.15 (0.73–6.35)

0.167

0.85 (0.20–3.59)

0.824

Patient’s MCR: domestic violence exposure in primary family

67 (27.7)

17 (37.0)

1.53 (0.79–2.97)

0.207

0.82 (0.31–2.19)

0.690

Patient’s MCR: history of disputes in intimate relationship

64 (26.4)

37 (80.4)

11.43 (5.23–25.01)

<0.001

9.12 (3.34–24.89)

<0.001

Patient’s MCR: financial difficulties and instability

128 (52.9)

37 (80.4)

3.66 (1.69–7.92)

0.001

1.45 (0.41–5.09)

0.567

Patient’s MCR: dysfunctional family relations

113 (46.7)

36 (78.3)

4.11 (1.95–8.66)

<0.001

2.35 (0.78–7.04)

0.127

Patient’s MCR: history of unemployment

70 (28.9)

20 (43.5)

1.89 (0.99–3.61)

0.053

0.44 (0.15–1.30)

0.137

Patient’s MCR: muscular inflammations

101 (41.7)

28 (60.9)

2.17 (1.14–4.14)

0.018

1.20 (0.51–2.85)

0.673

Patient’s MCR: gynaecological disorders. inflammations

137 (56.6)

34 (73.9)

2.17 (1.07–4.40)

0.031

1.67 (0.58–4.80)

0.339

Patient’s MCR: complications during pregnancy/spontaneous abortions

55 (22.7)

13 (28.3)

1.34 (0.66–2.72)

0.419

0.61 (0.18–2.12)

0.437

Patient’s MCR: the onset of depression and/or generalised anxiety disorder

160 (66.1)

42 (91.3)

5.38 (1.87–15.53)

0.002

1.25 (0.22–7.01)

0.797

Patient’s MCR: eating and sleeping disorders

93 (38.4)

24 (52.2)

1.75 (0.93–3.29)

0.084

1.13 (0.45–2.81)

0.792

Patient’s MCR: phobias and panic attacks

84 (34.7)

26 (56.5)

2.45 (1.29–4.64)

0.006

1.59 (0.59–4.29)

0.360

Patient’s MCR: low level of self-esteem: expressing shame and guilt

100 (41.3)

33 (71.7)

3.61 (1.81–7.19)

<0.001

1.27 (0.42–3.84)

0.667

Patient’s MCR: post-traumatic stress disorder

85 (35.1)

27 (58.7)

2.63 (1.38–5.00)

0.003

0.83 (0.28–2.43)

0.731

Patient’s MCR: psychosomatic disorders

174 (71.9)

42 (91.3)

4.10 (1.42–11.88)

0.009

0.82 (0.18–3.65)

0.793