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Table 3 Odds ratios from multivariate logistic regression models for pH1N1 illness acquisition and ethnicity under various sensitivity analyses

From: Ethnic disparities in acquiring 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza: a case–control study

 

Adults

Children

Ethnic group*

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Restricted to those with symptoms and those tested for reasons other than travel to Mexico (primary analysis)

 

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.59 (1.02-6.57)

1.96 (0.82-4.66)

South Asian

6.22 (2.01-19.24)

1.88 (0.80-4.41)

Black

9.72 (2.29-41.27)

6.44 (1.83-22.59)

Other

2.00 (0.74-5.42)

2.06 (0.83-5.11)

Individuals tested because of travel to Mexico added

  

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.99 (1.20-7.45)

2.01 (0.85-4.73)

South Asian

7.34 (2.42-22.28)

1.84 (0.80-4.24)

Black

10.93 (2.61-45.73)

6.45 (1.86-22.44)

Other

2.24 (0.88-5.70)

1.70 (0.73-3.97)

Those not presenting with symptoms are included

  

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.57 (1.06-6.23)

1.92 (0.84-4.38)

South Asian

6.03 (2.21-16.44)

1.83 (0.81-4.14)

Black

10.34 (2.58-41.46)

5.44 (1.72-17.24)

Other

1.67 (0.70-3.99)

2.28 (0.95-5.45)

No restrictions

  

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.96 (1.24-7.05)

1.99 (0.88-4.50)

South Asian

7.42 (2.79-19.74)

1.82 (0.82-4.06)

Black

11.28 (2.85-44.60)

5.62 (1.78-17.71)

Other

1.79 (0.78-4.08)

1.80 (0.81-4.01)

Heart disease and diabetes added independently of other underlying medical conditions

 

White

ref

 

East/Southeast Asian

2.56 (0.99-6.64)

 

South Asian

6.55 (1.99-21.57)

 

Black

10.19 (2.35-44.22)

 

Other

1.34 (0.46-3.90)

 

Without risk factors

  

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.63 (0.91-7.59)

2.48 (0.92-6.64)

South Asian

10.34 (2.39-44.80)

2.92 (1.11-7.68)

Black

11.90 (2.30-61.65)

16.02 (2.85-89.92)

Other

1.69 (0.54-5.30)

3.09 (1.06-9.00)

Tested prior to June 11th, 2009

  

White

ref

ref

East/Southeast Asian

2.66 (1.01-7.02)

2.90 (1.10-7.64)

South Asian

6.97 (2.07-23.50)

1.82 (0.68-4.87)

Black

8.18 (1.85-36.22)

7.21 (1.72-30.21)

Other

2.05 (0.70-6.05)

2.34 (0.82-6.71)

  1. *This was based on the question “People in Canada come from many different ethnic and racial backgrounds. I would like you to identify which ethnicity best describes you. You may choose more than one category.” The ethnic groupings were based on the categories similar to Statistics Canada definitions.
  2. For adults, all models were adjusted for age, sex, children in household, material deprivation, chronic conditions, receipt of 2008 seasonal vaccine, tested prior to June 11th, 2009, residing in Toronto, length of stay in Canada.
  3. For children, all models were adjusted for age, sex, total deprivation, receipt of 2008 seasonal vaccine, high proportion of neighbourhood with low income, material deprivation, post-secondary education, chronic condition, residence in Toronto.