Table 1 Baseline, bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with a history of being in government care among street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada (n = 937)
Government care exposure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Yes | No | Odds ratio, (95% CIa) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio, (95% CIa) | p-value |
n = 455, n(%) | n = 482 n(%) | |||||
Age at first substance use | 15b | 16b | 1.12 (1.06 – 1.18) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.05 – 1.16) | <0.001 |
Per year younger | (13–16)c | (14–17)c | ||||
Gender | ||||||
Female vs. Male | 157 (35) | 135 (28) | 1.35 (1.03 – 1.79) | 0.032 | ||
Aboriginal ancestry | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 139 (31) | 85 (18) | 2.05 (1.51 – 2.80) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.50 – 2.85) | <0.001 |
High school incompletion | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 375 (82) | 346 (72) | 1.84 (1.35 – 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.00 – 1.95) | 0.049 |
Parental alcohol/ Substance use | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 354 (78) | 320 (66) | 1.77 (1.33 – 2.37) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.09 – 2.01) | 0.012 |
Lives in the DTES d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 124 (27) | 139 (29) | 0.92 (0.70 – 1.23) | 0.590 | ||
Homeless d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 349 (77) | 352 (73) | 1.22 (0.90 – 1.64) | 0.200 | ||
Injection substance use d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 132 (29) | 150 (31) | 0.91 (0.68 - 1.20) | 0.482 | ||
Daily heroin use d, e | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 49 (11) | 68 (14) | 0.74 (0.50 – 1.09) | 0.123 | ||
Daily cocaine use e | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 19 (4) | 21 (4) | 0.96 (0.51 – 1.80) | 0.891 | ||
Daily crack use d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 85 (19) | 87 (18) | 1.04 (0.75 – 1.45) | 0.803 | ||
Daily crystal meth use e | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 72 (16) | 54 (11) | 1.49 (1.02 – 2.18) | 0.039 | ||
Drug overdose d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 58 (13) | 46 (10) | 1.39 (0.92 – 2.09) | 0.120 | ||
Hepatitis C positive | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 90 (20) | 64 (13) | 1.61 (1.14 – 2.29) | 0.008 | 1.36 (0.94 – 1.97) | 0.099 |
Syringe sharing d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 38 (8) | 37 (8) | 1.10 (0.68 – 1.76) | 0.703 | ||
Victim of violence d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 214 (47) | 210 (44) | 1.15 (0.89 – 1.49) | 0.287 | ||
Incarcerated d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 96 (21) | 86 (18) | 1.23 (0.89 – 1.70) | 0.208 | ||
Physical abuse | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 413 (91) | 397 (82) | 2.11 (1.42 – 3.12) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.22 – 2.96) | 0.005 |
Sexual abuse | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 345 (76) | 317 (66) | 1.63 (1.23 – 2.17) | <0.001 | 1.29 (0.93 – 1.78) | 0.124 |
Sex work d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 54 (12) | 43 (9) | 1.38 (0.90 – 2.10) | 0.140 | ||
Drug dealing d | ||||||
Yes vs. No | 254 (56) | 255 (53) | 1.13 (0.87 – 1.46) | 0.370 | ||