Table 2 Daily dietary intake of macronutrients and fiber, resting energy expenditure and physical activity level across month 0 and month 6 of the study subjects in both arms [the control and the low glycemic index (GI) groups]

Nutrient

Energy (kcal)

 Observed

2102.9 (544.3)

1955.2 (583.4)

0.185

1981.6 (653.7)

1565.0 (545.1)

0.001

 Expected

–

–

–

–

Carbohydrate (% of energy)

 Observed

47.9 (5.6)

47.2 (8.2)

0.598

49.5 (6.6)

50.8 (8.1)

0.384

 Expected

–

–

55–60%

45–50%

Fat (% of energy)

 Observed

35.6 (4.9)

35.6 (6.8)

0.975

34.4 (5.9)

31.2 (6.7)

0.012

 Expected

–

–

25–30%

30–35%

Protein (% of energy)

 Observed

16.5 (2.4)

17.1 (3.4)

0.253

15.9 (2.7)

17.9 (3.8)

0.002

 Expected

–

–

10–20%

15–25%

Fiber (g/1000 kcal)

 Observed

4.9 (1.9)

5.2 (3.2)

0.538

5.3 (2.5)

6.5 (3.3)

0.041

 Expected

–

–

–

–

GI

 Observed

76.1 (10.8)

74.4 (10.5)

0.417

76.8 (10.2)

74.4 (8.7)

0.199

 Expected

–

–

–

–

GL, per 1000 kcal

 Observed

110.5 (46.3)

115.6 (50.5)

0.591

106.3 (42.7)

117.7 (42.5)

0.175

 Expected

–

–

–

–

Resting energy expenditure (kcal/kg)

22.6 (4.4)

21.4 (3.1)

0.130

23.7 (4.0)

22.3 (4.1)

0.174

*(n = 35)

*(n = 35)

*(n = 18)

*(n = 28)

Physical activity level (MET-minutes/week) ^†

1626 (594 – 3657)

3492 (1386 – 4506)

0.143

2266 (960 – 4318)

1453 (740 – 2780)

0.235