Table 3 Differences in economic outcomes between angina-affected households and control households in South Asia, 2002-2003: Results for different definitions of angina-affected household
From: The economic burden of angina on households in South Asia
Economic outcome indicators | Bangladesh | India | Nepal | Sri Lanka | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | |
Per person OOP health spending in last four weeks (I$) | 1.94* (0.04) | 1.50 (0.15) | 0.49 (0.75) | 1.45 (0.25) | 1.25 (0.32) | 4.91* (<0.01) | 4.68* (0.03) | 4.14 (0.12) | 2.61 (0.65) | 1.99* (<0.01) | 4.47 (0.18) | 5.23 (0.15) |
Per person expenditure on medicine in last four weeks (I$) | 0.80 (0.16) | 0.66 (0.23) | 0.70 (0.23) | 0.87 (0.30) | 0.77 (0.36) | 1.99 (0.08) | 3.45* (0.01) | 3.59 (0.12) | 0.52 (0.89) | 0.94* (<0.01) | 0.22 (0.61) | 0.92* (0.04) |
Per person hospitalization expenses in last four weeks (I$) | 0.72 (0.16) | 0.56 (0.37) | -0.45 (0.71) | -0.21 (0.80) | -0.20 (0.79) | 1.51* (0.01) | 0.70 (0.22) | 0.53 (0.28) | 0.16 (0.92) | 0.74* (0.05) | 3.66 (0.27) | 4.46 (0.22) |
Borrowing or selling assets to finance health expenditure in last one year (%) | 6.00* (0.03) | 2.20 (0.53) | 0.90 (0.82) | 8.20* (<0.01) | 6.40* (0.02) | 9.70* (<0.01) | 4.00 (0.18) | 8.80* (0.04) | 1.80 (0.65) | 7.80* (0.01) | 10.40* (0.01) | 7.70 (0.10) |
OOP health spending share of total household expenditure at 20% cut-off (%) | 3.80 (0.13) | <0.01 (1.00) | 1.80 (0.63) | 9.60* (<0.01) | 2.50 (0.28) | 13.30* (<0.01) | 4.90* (0.02) | 7.50* (0.01) | 5.80* (0.04) | 9.10* (<0.01) | 3.30 (0.31) | 9.50* (<0.01) |
OOP health spending share of household’s ‘capacity to pay’ at 40% cut-off (%) | 3.50 (0.20) | 2.00 (0.56) | -1.80 (0.65) | 6.70* (<0.01) | 0.60 (0.80) | 10.10* (<0.01) | 4.50* (0.05) | 8.40* (<0.01) | 7.00* (0.02) | 10.00* (<0.01) | 8.20* (0.05) | 8.90* (0.04) |
Ratio of OOP health spending and total household expenditure (%) | 2.00* (0.02) | 0.40 (0.70) | 1.10 (0.32) | 3.60* (<0.01) | 1.40 (0.15) | 5.40* (<0.01) | 2.20* (0.01) | 4.00* (<0.01) | 3.70* (<0.01) | 3.40* (<0.01) | 2.10 (0.08) | 3.30* (<0.01) |
Ratio of OOP medicine expenses and total household expenditure (%) | 1.20* (0.05) | 0.40 (0.59) | 0.40 (0.60) | 1.70* (<0.01) | 0.40 (0.61) | 2.00* (0.02) | 2.10* (<0.01) | 3.70* (<0.01) | 2.70* (<0.01) | 1.80* (<0.01) | 0.30 (0.68) | 2.00* (<0.01) |
Impoverishment due to OOP health payments (%) | 0.80 (0.66) | -3.10 (0.18) | 1.50 (0.60) | 1.90 (0.18) | 0.10 (0.94) | 0.20 (0.92) | 2.20 (0.16) | 2.60 (0.25) | 2.40 (0.19) | 3.40* (0.03) | 2.20 (0.27) | 4.70* (0.02) |
Employment status of angina-affected individual (%) | 2.30 (0.41) | 1.50 (0.65) | -1.50 (0.71) | -1.00 (0.68) | 3.50 (0.19) | -3.00 (0.37) | -3.00 (0.28) | 1.90 (0.62) | -1.50 (0.68) | -0.90 (0.83) | -5.50 (0.30) | -1.80 (0.76) |
Unemployed due to illness (%) | 2.40* (<0.01) | 1.50 (0.08) | 2.90* (0.01) | 1.50 (0.14) | 0.50 (0.65) | 3.20* (0.02) | 2.00 (0.07) | 2.60 (0.11) | 1.50 (0.29) | 4.70* (0.02) | 7.10* (<0.01) | 5.30 (0.06) |
Per person non-medical consumption expenditure in last four weeks (I$) | 6.97 (0.25) | -0.17 (0.97) | 19.87 (0.07) | -3.27 (0.42) | 3.09 (0.09) | 5.37 (0.07) | 5.24* (0.04) | -9.66 (0.28) | 7.45* (0.04) | -2.88 (0.18) | -2.10 (0.49) | -2.23 (0.39) |
Treatment (control) | 736 (624) | 458 (414) | 339 (308) | 1118 (872) | 793 (677) | 503 (453) | 597 (543) | 308 (283) | 328 (310) | 320 (268) | 183 (168) | 169 (148) |