Table 1 Characteristics of Men participants stratified by diabetes (diagnosed after age 20) using the South Korea NHANES 2010 and the United States NHANES 2009–2010
From: Do early onset and pack-years of smoking increase risk of type II diabetes?
South Korean men | P-value of Chi-square | U.S. men | P-value of Chi-square | P-value of Chi-square | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 3,179, Est. population = 23,681,690) | (n = 1,713, Est. population = 84,085,965) | Korea Vs. U.S. | ||||||
With diabetes | Without diabetes | With diabetes | Without diabetes | With diabetes | Without diabetes | |||
Variables | (n = 225, 7.1%) | (n = 2,954, 92.9%) | (n = 265, 15.5%) | (n = 1,448, 84.5%) | ||||
Smoking Onset Age (%)** | ||||||||
Never Smoked | 28 (12.4) | 1,372 (46.5) | <.0001 | 107 (40.4) | 918 (63.4) | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
≥26 years | 21 (9.3) | 106 (3.6) | 9 (3.4) | 21 (1.5) | ||||
21–25 years | 49 (21.8) | 347 (11.8) | 19 (7.2) | 59 (4.1) | ||||
16–20 years | 107 (47.6) | 1,021 (34.6) | 79 (29.8) | 302 (20.9) | ||||
<16 years | 20 (8.9) | 108 (3.7) | 51 (19.3) | 148 (10.2) | ||||
Smoking Pack-years [10 PY]* | 2.5 ± 2.2 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | <.0001 | 1.8 ± 2.8 | 0.8 ± 2.0 | <.0001 | 0.002 | <.0001 |
Age (Years)* | 63.0 ± 11.0 | 36.2 ± 23.7 | <.0001 | 62.5 ± 11.6 | 50.2 ± 17.9 | <.0001 | 0.654 | <.0001 |
BMI (kg/m 2 )* | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 22.1 ± 4.1 | <.0001 | 31.8 ± 6.7 | 29.1 ± 5.6 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Family Income Percentile (%)** | ||||||||
<25 % | 85 (37.8) | 465 (15.7) | <.0001 | 76 (28.7) | 286 (19.8) | 0.009 | 0.029 | <.0001 |
25 % –50 % | 47 (20.9) | 801 (27.1) | 82 (30.9) | 392 (27.1) | ||||
51 % –75 % | 44 (19.6) | 872 (29.5) | 59 (22.3) | 312 (21.6) | ||||
>75 % | 49 (21.8) | 816 (27.6) | 48 (18.1) | 458 (31.6) | ||||
Education (%)** | ||||||||
Less than Elementary School | 67 (29.8) | 1,223 (41.4) | <.0001 | 47 (17.7) | 151 (10.4) | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Less than Middle School | 49 (21.8) | 344 (11.7) | 43 (16.2) | 181 (12.5) | ||||
High School Diploma | 68 (30.2) | 696 (23.6) | 61 (23.0) | 311 (21.5) | ||||
At least some College | 41 (18.2) | 691 (23.4) | 114 (43.0) | 805 (55.6) | ||||
Marital Status (%)** | ||||||||
Married | 201 (89.3) | 1,585 (53.7) | <.0001 | 178 (67.2) | 927 (64.0) | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Other | 24 (10.7) | 1,369 (46.3) | 87 (32.8) | 521 (36.0) | ||||
Alcohol Consumption (%)** | ||||||||
Not At All | 66 (29.3) | 1,216 (41.2) | 0.002 | 88 (33.2) | 265 (18.3) | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
Less than Once a Month | 43 (19.1) | 423 (14.3) | 171 (64.5) | 1,123 (77.6) | ||||
More than Twice a Month | 116 (51.6) | 1,315 (44.5) | 6 (2.3) | 60 (4.1) | ||||
Moderate Intensity Activity (%) | ||||||||
Yes | 70 (31.1) | 1015 (34.4) | 0.322 | 88 (33.2) | 614 (42.4) | <.0001 | 0.621 | <.0001 |
No | 155 (68.9) | 1939 (65.6) | 177 (66.8) | 834 (57.6) | ||||
Daily Energy Intake (Kcal)* | 2,087.6 ± 817 | 2,268.6 ± 967 | 0.006 | 2,046.7 ± 1009 | 2,428.5 ± 991 | 0.001 | 0.627 | <.0001 |
Race (%)** | ||||||||
Non-Hispanic Whites | 108 (40.8) | 769 (53.1) | 0.067 | - | - | |||
Mexican Americans | 57 (21.5) | 272 (18.8) | ||||||
Other Hispanics | 31 (11.7) | 120 (8.3) | ||||||
Non-Hispanic Blacks | 59 (22.3) | 221 (15.3) | ||||||
Other Races (Including Multiracial) | 10 (3.8) | 66 (4.6) | ||||||