Table 3 Multi-level linear regression model of measures between intervention and control schools at baseline, post-test and follow-up from the LEAP intervention
Measurement tool | Category | Time | Intervention (n = 123) | Control (n = 152) | Treatment effect# | p value | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Δ (95% CI) | Δ (95% CI) | (treatment effect) | (overall interaction effect) | ||||
Objective measures | |||||||
Pedometer | Steps per minute | Baseline | <0.001 | ||||
Post-test | 9.48 (5.17-13.78) | -3.60 (-7.43-0.24) | 13.08 (7.31-18.84) | <0.001 | |||
Follow-up | -5.44 (-9.76--1.12) | -11.37 (-15.26--7.48) | 5.93 (0.14-11.72) | 0.05 | |||
Distance per minute (metres) | Baseline | <0.001 | |||||
Post-test | 6.44 (3.34-9.55) | -2.88 (-6.13-0.38) | 9.32 (4.82-13.82) | <0.001 | |||
Follow-up | -4.22 (-7.34--1.09) | -8.69 (-11.95--5.42) | 4.47 (-0.02-9.96) | 0.05 | |||
Self-report measures | |||||||
PEDS QL 4.0 [57] | Physical health scale of quality of life | Baseline | 0.14 | ||||
Post-test | 6.07 (0.36-11.77) | 1.46 (-2.66-5.57) | 4.61 (-2.42-11.64) | 0.20 | |||
Follow-up | 4.76 (-1.02-10.54) | -2.08 (-6.10-1.94) | 6.84 (-0.10-13.78) | 0.05 | |||
Psychosocial scale of quality of life | Baseline | 0.09 | |||||
Post-test | 5.74 (1.13-10.35) | 0.28 (-3.05-3.61) | 5.46 (-0.22-11.14) | 0.06 | |||
Follow-up | -0.59 (-5.27-4.09) | -0.08 (-3.34-3.18) | -0.51 (-6.11-5.09) | 0.86 | |||
Overall quality of life | Baseline | 0.17 | |||||
Post-test | 6.00 (1.67-10.34) | 0.90 (-2.23-4.03) | 5.10 (-0.24-10.45) | 0.06 | |||
Follow-up | 2.01 (-2.38-6.41) | -0.95 (-4.01-2.11) | 2.96 (-2.31-8.23) | 0.27 | |||
PACES Survey [64] | Enjoyment of physical activity | Baseline | 0.09 | ||||
Post-test | -0.06 (-0.29-0.18) | -0.38 (-0.54--0.21) | 0.32 (0.04-0.61) | 0.03 | |||
Follow-up | -0.21 (-0.45-0.02) | -0.34 (-0.51--0.18) | 0.13 (-0.15-0.41) | 0.36 | |||
LEAP Questionnaire [56] | Intra-personal level enjoyment | Baseline | 0.11 | ||||
Post-test | 0.08 (-0.11-0.28) | -0.16 (-0.30--0.02) | 0.24 (0.004-0.48) | 0.05 | |||
Follow-up | -0.04 (-0.24-0.16) | -0.08 (-0.21-0.06) | 0.03 (-0.20-0.27) | 0.78 | |||
Inter-personal level enjoyment | Baseline | 0.23 | |||||
Post-test | 0.07 (-0.11 (0.25) | -0.13 (-0.26-0.01) | 0.20 (-0.03-0.42) | 0.09 | |||
Follow-up | -0.01 (-0.20-0.18) | -0.11 (-0.24-0.02) | 0.10 (-0.12-0.33) | 0.37 | |||
Physical environment/policy level enjoyment | Baseline | 0.52 | |||||
Post-test | 0.08 (-0.09-0.26) | -0.04 (-0.17-0.08) | 0.12 (-0.09-0.34) | 0.26 | |||
Follow-up | 0.05 (-0.13-0.23) | -0.01 (-0.14-0.11) | 0.06 (-0.14-0.27) | 0.57 | |||