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Table 3 Confounding patterns of the association between TV exposure between ages 2 and 5 years and teacher report of bullying involvement in early elementary school

From: Television viewing through ages 2-5 years and bullying involvement in early elementary school

 

Teacher report (N = 3423)

TV exposure latent class

Model 1: Unadjusted

Model 1 adjusted for maternal socio-demographic covariates a

Model 1 adjusted for maternal psychosocial covariates b

Model 1 adjusted for child socio-demographic covariates c

Model 1 adjusted for child internalizing and externalizing problems d

 

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

 

Risk of being a bully

Low

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Mid-low

1.07 (0.79-1.44)

0.66

1.00 (0.74-1.35)

1.00

1.07 (0.80-1.44)

0.65

1.05 (0.78-1.42)

0.74

1.05 (0.78-1.42)

0.73

Mid-high

1.35 (0.98-1.84)

0.07

1.16 (0.84-1.60)

0.37

1.33 (0.97-1.82)

0.08

1.27 (0.92-1.76)

0.14

1.32 (0.96-1.81)

0.09

High

1.74 (1.22-2.50)

0.002

1.30 (0.90-1.90)

0.16

1.70 (1.18-2.44)

0.004

1.50 (1.03-2.21)

0.04

1.71 (1.19-2.48)

0.004

 

Risk of being a victim

Low

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Mid-low

1.17 (0.71-1.92)

0.54

1.13 (0.68-1.86)

0.63

1.16 (0.71-1.91)

0.55

1.13 (0.69-1.87)

0.62

1.17 (0.71-1.92)

0.54

Mid-high

1.11 (0.64-1.95)

0.71

1.03 (0.58-1.84)

0.91

1.09 (0.62-1.92)

0.77

1.00 (0.56-1.76)

0.99

1.09 (0.61-1.92)

0.77

High

2.38 (1.33-4.28)

0.004

1.93 (1.03-3.66)

0.04

2.27 (1.25-4.12)

0.007

1.94 (1.02-3.44)

0.04

2.20 (1.21-3.99)

0.01

 

Risk of being a bully-victim

Low

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Mid-low

1.21 (0.88-1.65)

0.24

1.08 (0.79-1.48)

0.63

1.22 (0.89-1.66)

0.21

1.17 (0.86-1.60)

0.32

1.18 (0.87-1.62)

0.28

Mid-high

1.73 (1.25-2.40)

0.001

1.33 (0.94-1.87)

0.11

1.68 (1.21-2.33)

0.002

1.61 (1.16-2.24)

0.005

1.68 (1.21-2.33)

0.002

High

2.11 (1.42-3.13)

<0.001

1.39 (0.91-2.11)

0.13

1.98 (1.33-2.95)

0.001

1.79 (1.19-2.71)

0.005

2.01 (1.35-3.00)

0.001

  1. Effect estimates are derived from multinomial regression analysis. Reference group: 'uninvolved in bullying’ children.
  2. aAdjusted for maternal age, education, income and marital status. bAdjusted for parity, maternal symptoms of depression and parenting stress. cAdjusted for child gender, age, national origin, day-care attendance. dAdjusted for child internalizing and externalizing problems. For fully adjusted model see Table 2.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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