Table 1 Characteristics of PA programs aimed at improving PA among community-dwelling persons aged 55 years and older (n=17)
Participation level | Characteristics of participants | Program characteristics | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Initial participation (%) | Sustained participation (%) | % Females | Mean age in years (range) | Sampling method | Method of recruitment | Home- or group-based | Content | Duration | Contacts | Supervision | Group size |
Burke, 2013 [17] | 16.2 (478/2,949) | 78.4 (375/478) | 48 | 66 (range not reported) | Probability sampling | From 60 suburbs/ neighborhoods of a city; random selection (method not reported) | Home-based | Multifaceted: booklet with PA and nutritional recommendations, resistance band, pedometer | 6 months | 6-10 telephone calls and/or 2-5 emails | No | 0 |
Hopman-Rocka, 2002 [25] | 12.9 (71/551) | 70.4 (50/71) | 63 | Mean not reported (75-85) | Probability sampling | From a city selected and approached by mail for participation | Combination | Multifaceted; health education, group exercises, home exercises | 3 months | Group meeting once plus exercises at home minimally 3 times/week | Yes | 25 |
Cheng, 2009 [18] | 8.2 (96/1,175) | 79.2 (76/96) | 47 | 70 (65-69) | Probability sampling | By using a list of names obtained from the department of households; letters were sent | Home-based | Walking training | 3 months | 3 meetings | Yes | 0 |
Rosenberg, 2012 [26] | 7.3 (87/1,196) | 74.6 (64/87) | 76 | 84 (69-98) | Probability sampling | From 4 senior-living facilities. Study information flyers were sent to all potential eligible residents | Combination | Standard intervention (pedometer, educational, group meeting) Enhanced intervention (+ telephone counseling, environmental awareness) | 3 months | Biweekly group meeting | Yes | - |
Rydwik, 2009 [27] | 1.4 (96/6,999) | 66.7 (64/96) | 60 | 83 (range not reported) | Convenience sampling | By using questionnaires, advertisements in local newspaper, primary care and home service administration organized by the local authorities | Combination | Multifaceted: Training group (T) Group with training and nutrition (T+N) Nutrition-only group (N) | 9 months | 3 months twice a week training sessions (T and T+N), followed by 6 months home-based exercises (T) | Yes | 5-8 |
Koizumi, 2009 [19] | - | 100 (68/68) | 100 | 67 (60-78) | Convenience sampling | From senior centers and advertisement in local papers | Home-based | Lifestyle PA: 9000 steps and 30 min moderate intensity PA per day | 3 months | 1 meeting individual | No | 0 |
Shaw, 2008 [14] | - | 100 (24/24) | 100 | Mean and range not reported | Convenience sampling | Four senior centers that host a program. One-on-one recruitment of other program participants and posting of signs in the center to announce the program | Home-based | A daily walking-for-exercise program at respective senior center (instruction to walk) | 3 months | - | No | 0 |
Bonnefoy, 2012 [15] | ||||||||||||
- | 96.1 (98/102) | 86 | 84 (78-97) | Probability sampling | Representatives and home helpers from associations involved in home assistance for the elderly, help to recruit people for participation | Home-based | Multifaceted; education meeting, nutrition supplement, 13 exercises per day at home | 4 months | 1 meeting | Yes | 0 | |
Fujita, 2003 [21] | - | 95.4 (62/65) | 54 | 67 (60-81) | Convenience sampling | From advertisements in local newspapers, bulletin, poster | Group-based | Progressive endurance training and resistance exercises | 6 months | 2-3 times/week | Yes | 31 |
Sarkisian, 2007 [22] | ||||||||||||
- | 90.2 (46/51) | 89 | 77 (range not reported) | Probability sampling | From three senior centers (method not reported) | Group-based | Multifaceted; attribution retraining, PA class | 1 month | Once a week | Yes | 8-14 | |
Croteau, 2007 [20] | - | 82.6 (147/178) | 78 | 73 (55-94) | Convenience sampling | From various educational, health, and social programs offered in area | Home-based | Multifaceted: pedometer, individual meeting, group meeting once a month | 3 months | 3 group- and 1 individual meeting | No | 0 |
Opdenacker, 2008 [28] | - | 78.3 (141/180) | 49 | 67 (range not reported) | Convenience sampling | By using personal letters and advertisements on local radio and in local newspapers | Combination | Structural exercise intervention Home-based lifestyle intervention | 11 months | 3 times/week | Yes | 10 |
Hernandes, 2012[23] | - | 78.0 (238/305) | 69 | 68 (64-71) | Probability sampling | Controls recruited among individuals participating in another project Experimental group recruited from 5 community-based exercise programs in the same city | Group-based | Community-based exercise program: aerobic exercises | 4-40 months (on average 12 months) | 2 times/week | Yes | 13 |
De Vreede, 2007 [24] | - | 75.5 (74/98) | 100 | 74 (range not reported) | Convenience sampling | From advertisements in a local newspaper | Group-based | Functional tasks exercise program resistance strength exercise program | 3 months | 3 times/week | Yes | 6-12 |
Michael, 2008 [16] | - | 73.1 (424/582) | 71 | 74 (range not reported) | Probability sampling | Neighborhoods in a city were selected demarcated by the city council | Group-based | Leader led walking group | 6 months | 3 times/week | Yes | 10 |
Helbostad, 2004 [29] | - | 68.8 (53/77) | 81 | 81 (range not reported) | Convenience sampling | Invitations to participate were distributed by health care workers and by announcement in the local newspaper | Combination | Combined training: meeting at home, training classes | 3 months | 2 times/week | Yes | 5-8 |
Hopman-Rockb, 2002 [25] | - | 50.3 (196/390) | 82 | 72 (55-75) | Convenience sampling | Advertisement in local newspapers and other media, personal communication, and a brochure | Combination | Multifaceted; health education, group exercises, home exercises | 3 months | Group meeting once plus exercises at home minimally 3 times/week | Yes | 22 (maximum 25) |