From: Socioeconomic differences in the use of ill-defined causes of death in 16 European countries
Country | Education | MEN | WOMEN | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suicide | Suicide after redistribution | Suicide | Suicide after redistribution | ||||||
RR | 95%-CI | RR | 95%-CI | RR | 95%-CI | RR | 95%-CI | ||
Finland | low | 2.08 | (1.88–2.31) | 2.07 | (1.88–2.29) | 1.68 | (1.42–1.98) | 1.64 | (1.40–1.93) |
mid | 1.76 | (1.60–1.95) | 1.75 | (1.59–1.94) | 1.40 | (1.20–1.63) | 1.37 | (1.18–1.60) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Sweden | low | 1.88 | (1.70–2.09) | 1.85 | (1.68–2.05) | 1.33 | (1.15–1.55) | 1.35 | (1.17–1.56) |
mid | 1.45 | (1.31–1.60) | 1.43 | (1.30–1.58) | 1.18 | (1.04–1.35) | 1.18 | (1.04–1.34) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Norway | low | 2.15 | (1.79–2.59) | 2.07 | (1.77–2.42) | 1.24 | (0.95–1.62) | 1.32 | (1.05–1.66) |
mid | 1.60 | (1.37–1.87) | 1.55 | (1.35–1.78) | 1.15 | (0.93–1.43) | 1.17 | (0.96–1.42) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Denmark | low | 1.82 | (1.59–2.09) | 1.92 | (1.69–2.17) | 1.17 | (0.96–1.42) | 1.29 | (1.08–1.52) |
mid | 1.49 | (1.30–1.71) | 1.51 | (1.33–1.72) | 0.97 | (0.79–1.20) | 1.05 | (0.87–1.26) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
England & Wales | low | 2.08 | (1.08–4.00) | 2.19 | (1.14–4.19) | 0.97 | (0.37–2.53) | 0.93 | (0.38–2.25) |
mid | 1.34 | (0.65–2.76) | 1.35 | (0.66–2.77) | 0.48 | (0.13–1.59) | 0.41 | (0.12–1.36) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Netherlands | low | 1.17 | (0.75–1.84) | 1.21 | (0.82–1.76) | 0.91 | (0.46–1.77) | 1.08 | (0.60–1.92) |
mid | 0.76 | (0.47–1.21) | 0.85 | (0.57–1.25) | 1.04 | (0.54–2.01) | 1.11 | (0.62–2.00) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Belgium | low | 1.75 | (1.55–1.97) | 1.78 | (1.59–2.00) | 0.96 | (0.81–1.14) | 1.00 | (0.85–1.18) |
mid | 1.43 | (1.25–1.63) | 1.43 | (1.26–1.63) | 0.91 | (0.75–1.10) | 0.93 | (0.77–1.12) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
France | low | 3.24 | (2.03–5.15) | 2.80 | (1.87–4.19) | 2.35 | (1.18–4.70) | 2.16 | (1.16–4.05) |
mid | 2.46 | (1.55–3.89) | 2.15 | (1.44–3.21) | 1.43 | (0.70–2.92) | 1.42 | (0.74–2.71) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Switzerland | low | 1.67 | (1.48–1.89) | 1.63 | (1.45–1.82) | 1.08 | (0.88–1.33) | 1.03 | (0.85–1.25) |
mid | 1.40 | (1.27–1.54) | 1.35 | (1.24–1.48) | 1.10 | (0.91–1.33) | 1.02 | (0.86–1.22) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Austria | low | 2.30 | (1.78–2.97) | 2.31 | (1.79–2.97) | 1.38 | (0.89–2.15) | 1.38 | (0.89–2.14) |
mid | 1.78 | (1.40–2.26) | 1.78 | (1.41–2.26) | 0.95 | (0.61–1.47) | 0.95 | (0.62–1.48) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Spain | low | 2.05 | (1.71–2.47) | 1.91 | (1.63–2.23) | 1.50 | (1.13–2.00) | 1.53 | (1.18–1.97) |
mid | 1.39 | (1.12–1.72) | 1.32 | (1.10–1.59) | 1.55 | (1.13–2.13) | 1.52 | (1.14–2.03) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Italy | low | 1.40 | (0.91–2.17) | 1.26 | (0.85–1.87) | 0.83 | (0.45–1.50) | 0.91 | (0.51–1.62) |
mid | 1.42 | (0.89–2.27) | 1.25 | (0.82–1.92) | 0.92 | (0.48–1.75) | 1.00 | (0.54–1.85) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Hungary | low | 6.16 | (5.48–6.93) | 6.17 | (5.49–6.94) | 2.90 | (2.38–3.54) | 2.90 | (2.38–3.54) |
mid | 2.63 | (2.34–2.97) | 2.64 | (2.34–2.97) | 1.73 | (1.41–2.12) | 1.73 | (1.41–2.12) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Czech Republic | low | 2.49 | (2.23–2.79) | 2.52 | (2.26–2.81) | 1.67 | (1.29–2.16) | 1.64 | (1.28–2.10) |
mid | 1.23 | (1.08–1.39) | 1.23 | (1.08–1.39) | 1.36 | (1.04–1.78) | 1.31 | (1.01–1.70) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Poland | low | 5.80 | (2.23–6.44) | 5.20 | (4.78–5.65) | 2.37 | (1.97–2.85) | 2.39 | (2.07–2.76) |
mid | 2.98 | (2.69–3.30) | 2.77 | (2.55–3.01) | 1.65 | (1.38–1.97) | 1.66 | (1.44–1.91) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Estonia | low | 3.14 | (2.52–3.91) | 3.17 | (2.57–3.91) | 2.26 | (1.50–3.40) | 2.40 | (1.64–3.54) |
mid | 2.25 | (1.82–2.79) | 2.27 | (1.85–2.79) | 1.56 | (1.07–2.27) | 1.64 | (1.15–2.36) | |
high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |